| Summary: | A total of nineteen elite youth cross-country skiers (16 ± 2 years) were divided into three groups: a low-load group (LL, n = 6) performing 15–20 repetitions per exercise, a high-load group (HL, n = 9) executing 6–12 repetitions, and a control group (CON, n = 4) exclusively engaging in endurance training. Testing included 1RM in upper-body exercises, VO<sub>2max</sub> running tests, and double-poling (DP) ergometer exhaustion and sprint tests to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak</sub>-DP) and peak power (PP). The results indicated that HL and LL showed significant increases in VO<sub>2peak</sub>-DP, both in absolute values (d = −1.2 and −1.2, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and when normalized to body mass (d = 0.93 and 1.3, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Although there were no group*time effects for VO<sub>2peak</sub>-DP, PP during DP tests to exhaustion increased in both HL (d = −1.6, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and LL (d = 1.4, <i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to CON. Standardized to body mass, only HL showed significant improvements in PP during the sprint test (d = 1.7, <i>p</i> < 0.05). During the sprint test, both absolute and body-mass-normalized peak power increased only in the high-load group (d = −1.0 and 0.93, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, high-load resistance training resulted in the greatest improvements in strength, DP performance, and VO<sub>2peak</sub>-DP, indicating a dose–response relationship to the load magnitude of resistance training.
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