Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> using microwave-assisted extraction and to analyze the protective effect of total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> on alcoholic liver injury in mice...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/647 |
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| author | Dujun Wang Jing Lv Yan Fu Yueling Shang Jinbin Liu Yongmei Lyu Ming Wei Xiaohong Yu |
| author_facet | Dujun Wang Jing Lv Yan Fu Yueling Shang Jinbin Liu Yongmei Lyu Ming Wei Xiaohong Yu |
| author_sort | Dujun Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> using microwave-assisted extraction and to analyze the protective effect of total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> on alcoholic liver injury in mice. The optimization of the process conditions for the microwave-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> was performed using response surface methodology, and an alcohol-induced acute liver injury model in mice was used to investigate the effects of different doses of total flavonoids (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) on the levels and activities of serum alanine aminotransferase kits (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase kits (AST), superoxide dismutase kits (SOD), glutathione peroxidase kits (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA). We performed hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining analysis on pathological sections of mouse liver tissue, and qRT-PCR technology was used to detect the expression levels of the inflammatory factors <i>IL</i>-1 β, <i>IL</i>-6, and <i>TNF</i>-α. The results revealed that the optimal extraction process conditions for total flavonoids in <i>S. bigelovii</i> were a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g/mL), an ethanol concentration of 60%, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, an ultrasound power of 250 W, and a yield of 5.71 ± 0.28 mg/g. Previous studies have demonstrated that the flavonoids of <i>S. bigelovii</i> can significantly inhibit the levels of ALT and AST in the serum (<i>p</i> < 0.001), reduce MDA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), increase the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and inhibit the <i>IL</i>-1 β, <i>IL</i>-6, and <i>TNF</i>-α gene expression levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) of inflammatory factors. The total flavonoids of <i>S. bigelovii</i> exert a protective effect against alcoholic liver injury by reducing the levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation caused by alcohol. The results of this study lay the foundation for the high-value utilization of <i>S. bigelovii</i> and provide new resources for the development of liver-protective drugs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:30:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-44186a6d2fbf4e25bce5a76ca69f6007 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:30:59Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-44186a6d2fbf4e25bce5a76ca69f60072024-03-12T16:43:59ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-02-0113564710.3390/foods13050647Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury MiceDujun Wang0Jing Lv1Yan Fu2Yueling Shang3Jinbin Liu4Yongmei Lyu5Ming Wei6Xiaohong Yu7School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaSchool of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaThe objective of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> using microwave-assisted extraction and to analyze the protective effect of total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> on alcoholic liver injury in mice. The optimization of the process conditions for the microwave-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from <i>S. bigelovii</i> was performed using response surface methodology, and an alcohol-induced acute liver injury model in mice was used to investigate the effects of different doses of total flavonoids (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) on the levels and activities of serum alanine aminotransferase kits (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase kits (AST), superoxide dismutase kits (SOD), glutathione peroxidase kits (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA). We performed hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining analysis on pathological sections of mouse liver tissue, and qRT-PCR technology was used to detect the expression levels of the inflammatory factors <i>IL</i>-1 β, <i>IL</i>-6, and <i>TNF</i>-α. The results revealed that the optimal extraction process conditions for total flavonoids in <i>S. bigelovii</i> were a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g/mL), an ethanol concentration of 60%, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, an ultrasound power of 250 W, and a yield of 5.71 ± 0.28 mg/g. Previous studies have demonstrated that the flavonoids of <i>S. bigelovii</i> can significantly inhibit the levels of ALT and AST in the serum (<i>p</i> < 0.001), reduce MDA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), increase the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and inhibit the <i>IL</i>-1 β, <i>IL</i>-6, and <i>TNF</i>-α gene expression levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) of inflammatory factors. The total flavonoids of <i>S. bigelovii</i> exert a protective effect against alcoholic liver injury by reducing the levels of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation caused by alcohol. The results of this study lay the foundation for the high-value utilization of <i>S. bigelovii</i> and provide new resources for the development of liver-protective drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/647<i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr.ultrasound-assisted extractionresponse surface methodologyflavonoidshepatoprotective effect |
| spellingShingle | Dujun Wang Jing Lv Yan Fu Yueling Shang Jinbin Liu Yongmei Lyu Ming Wei Xiaohong Yu Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice Foods <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. ultrasound-assisted extraction response surface methodology flavonoids hepatoprotective effect |
| title | Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice |
| title_full | Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice |
| title_short | Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury Mice |
| title_sort | optimization of microwave assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from i salicornia bigelovii i torr and its hepatoprotective effect on alcoholic liver injury mice |
| topic | <i>Salicornia bigelovii</i> Torr. ultrasound-assisted extraction response surface methodology flavonoids hepatoprotective effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/5/647 |
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