Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults
Purpose: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors. Methods: Thirty-two male ol...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Experimental Gerontology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652400072X |
| _version_ | 1797208848555048960 |
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| author | Kosuke Hirata Mari Ito Yuta Nomura Chiho Kawashima Tsukasa Yoshida Yosuke Yamada Neale A. Tillin Geoffrey A. Power Ryota Akagi |
| author_facet | Kosuke Hirata Mari Ito Yuta Nomura Chiho Kawashima Tsukasa Yoshida Yosuke Yamada Neale A. Tillin Geoffrey A. Power Ryota Akagi |
| author_sort | Kosuke Hirata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors. Methods: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65–88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30–45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups. Before and after the intervention period, the following variables were measured: Isotonic power, isometric strength, twitch contractile properties, muscle-activity, -architecture, and -quality, neuromuscular fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, and thigh muscle volume. Results: Peak power was increased in both the Fast-group (+24 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.65) and Slow-group (+12 %, P < 0.05, d = 0.33) but not in the Control-group. Training increased pennation angle of the vastus lateralis in both the Fast-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42) and Slow-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42), while only the Fast-group showed increase in pennation angle of the rectus femoris (+12 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.64) and thigh muscle volume (+16 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.52). There was no time × group interaction effect for the other neuromuscular measures. Conclusions: Unsupervised, body mass- and home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds can improve muscle power in older adults, while fast-speed exercise may be preferable over slow-speed owing to the relatively greater improvement of muscle-power, −volume, −architecture, and better time efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:45:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-44e6cf0a7eec40a8acded6fb1f9cc3a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1873-6815 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:45:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Experimental Gerontology |
| spelling | doaj.art-44e6cf0a7eec40a8acded6fb1f9cc3a62024-04-15T04:05:34ZengElsevierExperimental Gerontology1873-68152024-06-01190112430Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adultsKosuke Hirata0Mari Ito1Yuta Nomura2Chiho Kawashima3Tsukasa Yoshida4Yosuke Yamada5Neale A. Tillin6Geoffrey A. Power7Ryota Akagi8Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan; Correspondence to: K. Hirata, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.Airweave Inc., Nukata-gun, Aichi, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, JapanGraduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, JapanCollege of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu-shi, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu-shi, Osaka, JapanSchool of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UKDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaGraduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan; College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama-shi, Saitama, Japan; Correspondence to: R. Akagi, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.Purpose: We investigated the effect of an unsupervised, body mass- home-based resistance training program in older adults performed at either a fast or slow contractile speed on changes to muscle-power, -volume, -architecture, and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors. Methods: Thirty-two male older adults (age 65–88 years) were separated into 1) fast-speed exercise (Fast-group), 2) slow-speed exercise (Slow-group), and 3) no exercise (Control-group) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed 30–45 repetitions of knee-extension and sit-to-stand exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks with different exercise speed between the groups. Before and after the intervention period, the following variables were measured: Isotonic power, isometric strength, twitch contractile properties, muscle-activity, -architecture, and -quality, neuromuscular fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, and thigh muscle volume. Results: Peak power was increased in both the Fast-group (+24 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.65) and Slow-group (+12 %, P < 0.05, d = 0.33) but not in the Control-group. Training increased pennation angle of the vastus lateralis in both the Fast-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42) and Slow-group (+8 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.42), while only the Fast-group showed increase in pennation angle of the rectus femoris (+12 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.64) and thigh muscle volume (+16 %, P < 0.01, d = 0.52). There was no time × group interaction effect for the other neuromuscular measures. Conclusions: Unsupervised, body mass- and home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds can improve muscle power in older adults, while fast-speed exercise may be preferable over slow-speed owing to the relatively greater improvement of muscle-power, −volume, −architecture, and better time efficiency.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652400072XMuscle architectureBody mass-based trainingSit-to-standIsotonic contraction |
| spellingShingle | Kosuke Hirata Mari Ito Yuta Nomura Chiho Kawashima Tsukasa Yoshida Yosuke Yamada Neale A. Tillin Geoffrey A. Power Ryota Akagi Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults Experimental Gerontology Muscle architecture Body mass-based training Sit-to-stand Isotonic contraction |
| title | Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults |
| title_full | Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults |
| title_fullStr | Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults |
| title_short | Home-based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults |
| title_sort | home based resistance training performed at either fast or slow speeds improves power output in older adults |
| topic | Muscle architecture Body mass-based training Sit-to-stand Isotonic contraction |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053155652400072X |
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