Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages
A central characterization of retinal immunobiology is the prevention of proinflammatory activity by macrophages. The retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) are a major source of soluble anti-inflammatory factors. This includes a soluble factor that induces macrophage apoptosis when the activity of...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1193 |
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| author | Nayan Sanjiv Pawarissara Osathanugrah Emma Fraser Tat Fong Ng Andrew W. Taylor |
| author_facet | Nayan Sanjiv Pawarissara Osathanugrah Emma Fraser Tat Fong Ng Andrew W. Taylor |
| author_sort | Nayan Sanjiv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A central characterization of retinal immunobiology is the prevention of proinflammatory activity by macrophages. The retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) are a major source of soluble anti-inflammatory factors. This includes a soluble factor that induces macrophage apoptosis when the activity of the immunomodulating neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is neutralized. In this manuscript, isolated extracellular soluble membranes (ESMs) from primary RPE were assayed to see if they could be the soluble mediator of apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that RPE ESMs mediated the induction of macrophage apoptosis that was suppressed by α-MSH. In contrast, the RPE line ARPE-19, cultured under conditions that induce similar anti-inflammatory activity to primary RPEs, did not activate apoptosis in the macrophages. Moreover, only the ESMs from primary RPE cultures, and not those from the ARPE-19 cell cultures, expressed mFasL. The results demonstrate that RPE ESMs are a soluble mediator of apoptosis and that this may be a mechanism by which the RPEs select for the survival of α-MSH-induced suppressor cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46dce707f6d246b2bf5921e0d51f8b0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-46dce707f6d246b2bf5921e0d51f8b0a2023-11-21T19:34:04ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-05-01105119310.3390/cells10051193Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in MacrophagesNayan Sanjiv0Pawarissara Osathanugrah1Emma Fraser2Tat Fong Ng3Andrew W. Taylor4Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USAA central characterization of retinal immunobiology is the prevention of proinflammatory activity by macrophages. The retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) are a major source of soluble anti-inflammatory factors. This includes a soluble factor that induces macrophage apoptosis when the activity of the immunomodulating neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is neutralized. In this manuscript, isolated extracellular soluble membranes (ESMs) from primary RPE were assayed to see if they could be the soluble mediator of apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that RPE ESMs mediated the induction of macrophage apoptosis that was suppressed by α-MSH. In contrast, the RPE line ARPE-19, cultured under conditions that induce similar anti-inflammatory activity to primary RPEs, did not activate apoptosis in the macrophages. Moreover, only the ESMs from primary RPE cultures, and not those from the ARPE-19 cell cultures, expressed mFasL. The results demonstrate that RPE ESMs are a soluble mediator of apoptosis and that this may be a mechanism by which the RPEs select for the survival of α-MSH-induced suppressor cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1193exosomesocular immune privilegealpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormoneapoptosisimmune regulationmembrane FasL |
| spellingShingle | Nayan Sanjiv Pawarissara Osathanugrah Emma Fraser Tat Fong Ng Andrew W. Taylor Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages Cells exosomes ocular immune privilege alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone apoptosis immune regulation membrane FasL |
| title | Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages |
| title_full | Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages |
| title_short | Extracellular Soluble Membranes from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Mediate Apoptosis in Macrophages |
| title_sort | extracellular soluble membranes from retinal pigment epithelial cells mediate apoptosis in macrophages |
| topic | exosomes ocular immune privilege alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone apoptosis immune regulation membrane FasL |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1193 |
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