Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>
Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the benefits of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt). Because of the widespread resistance of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> to crystalline (Cry) Bt toxins in the United State...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/618 |
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| author | Fei Yang David L. Kerns Nathan S. Little José C. Santiago González Bruce E. Tabashnik |
| author_facet | Fei Yang David L. Kerns Nathan S. Little José C. Santiago González Bruce E. Tabashnik |
| author_sort | Fei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the benefits of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt). Because of the widespread resistance of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> to crystalline (Cry) Bt toxins in the United States, the vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa is the only Bt toxin produced by Bt corn and cotton that remains effective against some populations of this polyphagous lepidopteran pest. Here we evaluated <i>H. zea</i> resistance to Vip3Aa using diet bioassays to test 42,218 larvae from three lab strains and 71 strains derived from the field during 2016 to 2020 in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. Relative to the least susceptible of the three lab strains tested (BZ), susceptibility to Vip3Aa of the field-derived strains decreased significantly from 2016 to 2020. Relative to another lab strain (TM), 7 of 16 strains derived from the field in 2019 were significantly resistant to Vip3Aa, with up to 13-fold resistance. Susceptibility to Vip3Aa was significantly lower for strains derived from Vip3Aa plants than non-Vip3Aa plants, providing direct evidence of resistance evolving in response to selection by Vip3Aa plants in the field. Together with previously reported data, the results here convey an early warning of field-evolved resistance to Vip3Aa in <i>H. zea</i> that supports calls for urgent action to preserve the efficacy of this toxin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:09:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46ef5b146c0b445db77ef0bd305cb8b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:09:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-46ef5b146c0b445db77ef0bd305cb8b92023-11-22T15:31:02ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-09-0113961810.3390/toxins13090618Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>Fei Yang0David L. Kerns1Nathan S. Little2José C. Santiago González3Bruce E. Tabashnik4Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAUSDA Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USADepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAEvolution of resistance by pests can reduce the benefits of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt). Because of the widespread resistance of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> to crystalline (Cry) Bt toxins in the United States, the vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa is the only Bt toxin produced by Bt corn and cotton that remains effective against some populations of this polyphagous lepidopteran pest. Here we evaluated <i>H. zea</i> resistance to Vip3Aa using diet bioassays to test 42,218 larvae from three lab strains and 71 strains derived from the field during 2016 to 2020 in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. Relative to the least susceptible of the three lab strains tested (BZ), susceptibility to Vip3Aa of the field-derived strains decreased significantly from 2016 to 2020. Relative to another lab strain (TM), 7 of 16 strains derived from the field in 2019 were significantly resistant to Vip3Aa, with up to 13-fold resistance. Susceptibility to Vip3Aa was significantly lower for strains derived from Vip3Aa plants than non-Vip3Aa plants, providing direct evidence of resistance evolving in response to selection by Vip3Aa plants in the field. Together with previously reported data, the results here convey an early warning of field-evolved resistance to Vip3Aa in <i>H. zea</i> that supports calls for urgent action to preserve the efficacy of this toxin.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/618<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>resistance monitoringVip3Aasustainabilitygenetically engineered cropcorn |
| spellingShingle | Fei Yang David L. Kerns Nathan S. Little José C. Santiago González Bruce E. Tabashnik Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> Toxins <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> resistance monitoring Vip3Aa sustainability genetically engineered crop corn |
| title | Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| title_full | Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| title_fullStr | Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| title_short | Early Warning of Resistance to Bt Toxin Vip3Aa in <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> |
| title_sort | early warning of resistance to bt toxin vip3aa in i helicoverpa zea i |
| topic | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> resistance monitoring Vip3Aa sustainability genetically engineered crop corn |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/618 |
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