Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic proteins. BoNT/A was approved by the U.S. FDA to treat strabismus, blepharospam, and hemificial spasm as early as 19...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2012-10-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/10/913 |
| _version_ | 1811184237818150912 |
|---|---|
| author | Sheng Chen |
| author_facet | Sheng Chen |
| author_sort | Sheng Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic proteins. BoNT/A was approved by the U.S. FDA to treat strabismus, blepharospam, and hemificial spasm as early as 1989 and then for treatment of cervical dystonia, glabellar facial lines, axillary hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine and for cosmetic use. Due to its high efficacy, longevity of action and satisfactory safety profile, it has been used empirically in a variety of ophthalmological, gastrointestinal, urological, orthopedic, dermatological, secretory, and painful disorders. Currently available BoNT therapies are limited to neuronal indications with the requirement of periodic injections resulting in immune-resistance for some indications. Recent understanding of the structure-function relationship of BoNTs prompted the engineering of novel BoNTs to extend therapeutic interventions in non-neuronal systems and to overcome the immune-resistance issue. Much research still needs to be done to improve and extend the medical uses of BoNTs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:10:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-471759c584224645adbdd42fb3be3a56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:10:19Z |
| publishDate | 2012-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-471759c584224645adbdd42fb3be3a562022-12-22T04:22:37ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512012-10-0141091393910.3390/toxins4100913Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future DevelopmentsSheng ChenBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic proteins. BoNT/A was approved by the U.S. FDA to treat strabismus, blepharospam, and hemificial spasm as early as 1989 and then for treatment of cervical dystonia, glabellar facial lines, axillary hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine and for cosmetic use. Due to its high efficacy, longevity of action and satisfactory safety profile, it has been used empirically in a variety of ophthalmological, gastrointestinal, urological, orthopedic, dermatological, secretory, and painful disorders. Currently available BoNT therapies are limited to neuronal indications with the requirement of periodic injections resulting in immune-resistance for some indications. Recent understanding of the structure-function relationship of BoNTs prompted the engineering of novel BoNTs to extend therapeutic interventions in non-neuronal systems and to overcome the immune-resistance issue. Much research still needs to be done to improve and extend the medical uses of BoNTs.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/10/913Botulinum neurotoxinclinical indicationsfuture developmentsnovel applications |
| spellingShingle | Sheng Chen Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments Toxins Botulinum neurotoxin clinical indications future developments novel applications |
| title | Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments |
| title_full | Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments |
| title_short | Clinical Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Current Indications, Limitations and Future Developments |
| title_sort | clinical uses of botulinum neurotoxins current indications limitations and future developments |
| topic | Botulinum neurotoxin clinical indications future developments novel applications |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/10/913 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shengchen clinicalusesofbotulinumneurotoxinscurrentindicationslimitationsandfuturedevelopments |