Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) to monensin and evaluate changes in in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and microbial nitrogen outflow. Treatments were randomly assigned to 8 fermenters in a replicated 4 × 4 L...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223006094 |
| _version_ | 1797390541854343168 |
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| author | E. Sarmikasoglou M.L. Johnson J.R. Vinyard P. Sumadong R.R. Lobo J.A. Arce-Cordero A. Bahman A. Ravelo S. Halima G.K. Salas-Solis C. Hikita T. Watanabe A.P. Faciola |
| author_facet | E. Sarmikasoglou M.L. Johnson J.R. Vinyard P. Sumadong R.R. Lobo J.A. Arce-Cordero A. Bahman A. Ravelo S. Halima G.K. Salas-Solis C. Hikita T. Watanabe A.P. Faciola |
| author_sort | E. Sarmikasoglou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) to monensin and evaluate changes in in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and microbial nitrogen outflow. Treatments were randomly assigned to 8 fermenters in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 experimental periods of 10 d (7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collection). Basal diets contained 43.5:56.5 forage: concentrate ratio and each fermenter was fed 106 g of DM/d divided equally between 2 feeding times. Treatments were control (CON, basal diet without additives), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 0.1 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE100), and 0.2 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE200). On d 8 to10, samples were collected for pH, lactate, NH3-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), mixed protozoa counts, organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). We observed that butyrate concentration in all treatments was lower compared with CON and the concentration for MON was lower compared with CNSE treatments. Protozoal population in all treatments was lower compared with CON. No effects were observed for pH, lactate, NH3-N, total VFA, OM, or N utilization. Within the 24-h pool, protozoal generation time, tended to be lower, while NDF digestibility tended to be greater in response to all additives. Furthermore, the microbial N flow, and the efficiency of N use tended to be lower for the monensin treatment compared with CNSE treatments. Overall, our results showed that both monensin and CNSE decreased butyrate synthesis and protozoal populations, while not affecting OM digestibility and tended to increase NDF digestibility; however, such effects are greater with monensin than CNSE nutshell. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:13:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47497df6b65341148dad21c43dcb3cb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:13:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-47497df6b65341148dad21c43dcb3cb52023-12-15T07:22:11ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022023-12-011061287468757Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous cultureE. Sarmikasoglou0M.L. Johnson1J.R. Vinyard2P. Sumadong3R.R. Lobo4J.A. Arce-Cordero5A. Bahman6A. Ravelo7S. Halima8G.K. Salas-Solis9C. Hikita10T. Watanabe11A.P. Faciola12Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa RicaDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo, Japan 101-0022SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo, Japan 101-0022Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) to monensin and evaluate changes in in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and microbial nitrogen outflow. Treatments were randomly assigned to 8 fermenters in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 experimental periods of 10 d (7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collection). Basal diets contained 43.5:56.5 forage: concentrate ratio and each fermenter was fed 106 g of DM/d divided equally between 2 feeding times. Treatments were control (CON, basal diet without additives), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 0.1 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE100), and 0.2 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE200). On d 8 to10, samples were collected for pH, lactate, NH3-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), mixed protozoa counts, organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). We observed that butyrate concentration in all treatments was lower compared with CON and the concentration for MON was lower compared with CNSE treatments. Protozoal population in all treatments was lower compared with CON. No effects were observed for pH, lactate, NH3-N, total VFA, OM, or N utilization. Within the 24-h pool, protozoal generation time, tended to be lower, while NDF digestibility tended to be greater in response to all additives. Furthermore, the microbial N flow, and the efficiency of N use tended to be lower for the monensin treatment compared with CNSE treatments. Overall, our results showed that both monensin and CNSE decreased butyrate synthesis and protozoal populations, while not affecting OM digestibility and tended to increase NDF digestibility; however, such effects are greater with monensin than CNSE nutshell.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223006094anacardic acidcardanolcardolionophores |
| spellingShingle | E. Sarmikasoglou M.L. Johnson J.R. Vinyard P. Sumadong R.R. Lobo J.A. Arce-Cordero A. Bahman A. Ravelo S. Halima G.K. Salas-Solis C. Hikita T. Watanabe A.P. Faciola Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture Journal of Dairy Science anacardic acid cardanol cardol ionophores |
| title | Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture |
| title_full | Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture |
| title_fullStr | Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture |
| title_short | Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture |
| title_sort | effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture |
| topic | anacardic acid cardanol cardol ionophores |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223006094 |
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