Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants
Tomatoes are an important agricultural product because they contain high concentrations of bioactive substances, such as folate, ascorbate, polyphenols, and carotenoids, as well as many other essential elements. As a result, tomatoes are thought to be extremely beneficial to human health. Chemical f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/20/2732 |
| _version_ | 1797470213111808000 |
|---|---|
| author | Ebtesam A. Gashash Nahid A. Osman Abdulaziz A. Alsahli Heba M. Hewait Ashmawi E. Ashmawi Khalid S. Alshallash Ahmed M. El-Taher Enas S. Azab Hany S. Abd El-Raouf Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Ebtesam A. Gashash Nahid A. Osman Abdulaziz A. Alsahli Heba M. Hewait Ashmawi E. Ashmawi Khalid S. Alshallash Ahmed M. El-Taher Enas S. Azab Hany S. Abd El-Raouf Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Ebtesam A. Gashash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tomatoes are an important agricultural product because they contain high concentrations of bioactive substances, such as folate, ascorbate, polyphenols, and carotenoids, as well as many other essential elements. As a result, tomatoes are thought to be extremely beneficial to human health. Chemical fertilizers and insecticides are routinely utilized to maximize tomato production. In this context, microbial inoculations, particularly those containing PGPR, may be utilized in place of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGPR (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>) and cyanobacteria when utilized alone, and in conjunction with each other, on the growth, quality, and yield of fresh fruits of tomato plants. The results showed that the inoculation significantly increased all measured parameters of tomato plants compared with the control. Combined use of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> had a positive impact on tomato yield, increasing fruit yield. Moreover, leaflet anatomical characteristics were altered, with increased thickness of the upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and vascular bundles. Tomato fruit quality was improved, as measured by an increased number of fruit per plant (76% increase), fruit weight (g; 33% increase), fruit height (cm; 50% increase), fruit diameter (cm; 50%), total soluble solids (TSS; 26% increase), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 g F.W.; 75% increase), relative to the control, in the first season. In addition, fruit chemical contents (N, P, and K) were increased with inoculation. The results suggest that inoculation with <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> could be successfully used to enhance tomato plant growth and yield. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:33:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47830ace4e314037b4f817582b524fd3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:33:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-47830ace4e314037b4f817582b524fd32023-11-24T02:04:26ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-10-011120273210.3390/plants11202732Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) PlantsEbtesam A. Gashash0Nahid A. Osman1Abdulaziz A. Alsahli2Heba M. Hewait3Ashmawi E. Ashmawi4Khalid S. Alshallash5Ahmed M. El-Taher6Enas S. Azab7Hany S. Abd El-Raouf8Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim9Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Baha University, Baha 65635, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Science and Technology, Ranya Collage, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSoils & Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, EgyptDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, EgyptCollege of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Agriculture Faculty, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, EgyptAgricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDepartment of Biology, University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptTomatoes are an important agricultural product because they contain high concentrations of bioactive substances, such as folate, ascorbate, polyphenols, and carotenoids, as well as many other essential elements. As a result, tomatoes are thought to be extremely beneficial to human health. Chemical fertilizers and insecticides are routinely utilized to maximize tomato production. In this context, microbial inoculations, particularly those containing PGPR, may be utilized in place of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGPR (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>) and cyanobacteria when utilized alone, and in conjunction with each other, on the growth, quality, and yield of fresh fruits of tomato plants. The results showed that the inoculation significantly increased all measured parameters of tomato plants compared with the control. Combined use of <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> had a positive impact on tomato yield, increasing fruit yield. Moreover, leaflet anatomical characteristics were altered, with increased thickness of the upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and vascular bundles. Tomato fruit quality was improved, as measured by an increased number of fruit per plant (76% increase), fruit weight (g; 33% increase), fruit height (cm; 50% increase), fruit diameter (cm; 50%), total soluble solids (TSS; 26% increase), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 g F.W.; 75% increase), relative to the control, in the first season. In addition, fruit chemical contents (N, P, and K) were increased with inoculation. The results suggest that inoculation with <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> could be successfully used to enhance tomato plant growth and yield.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/20/2732biofertilizers<i>Bacillus subtilis</i><i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>total soluble solids (TSS)ascorbic acidanatomy |
| spellingShingle | Ebtesam A. Gashash Nahid A. Osman Abdulaziz A. Alsahli Heba M. Hewait Ashmawi E. Ashmawi Khalid S. Alshallash Ahmed M. El-Taher Enas S. Azab Hany S. Abd El-Raouf Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants Plants biofertilizers <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> total soluble solids (TSS) ascorbic acid anatomy |
| title | Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants |
| title_full | Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants |
| title_short | Effects of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cyanobacteria on Botanical Characteristics of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicon</i> L.) Plants |
| title_sort | effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria pgpr and cyanobacteria on botanical characteristics of tomato i solanum lycopersicon i l plants |
| topic | biofertilizers <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> total soluble solids (TSS) ascorbic acid anatomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/20/2732 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ebtesamagashash effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT nahidaosman effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT abdulazizaalsahli effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT hebamhewait effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT ashmawieashmawi effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT khalidsalshallash effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT ahmedmeltaher effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT enassazab effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT hanysabdelraouf effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants AT mohamedfmibrahim effectsofplantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriapgprandcyanobacteriaonbotanicalcharacteristicsoftomatoisolanumlycopersiconilplants |