Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a group of fatal, transmissible protein misfolding diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). All TSEs are caused by accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) throughout the central nervous system (CNS), which results i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4355414?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819264363694915584 |
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| author | M Heather West Greenlee Jodi D Smith Ekundayo M Platt Jessica R Juarez Leo L Timms Justin J Greenlee |
| author_facet | M Heather West Greenlee Jodi D Smith Ekundayo M Platt Jessica R Juarez Leo L Timms Justin J Greenlee |
| author_sort | M Heather West Greenlee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a group of fatal, transmissible protein misfolding diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). All TSEs are caused by accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) throughout the central nervous system (CNS), which results in neuronal loss and ultimately death. Like other protein misfolding diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, TSEs are generally not diagnosed until the onset of disease after the appearance of unequivocal clinical signs. As such, identification of the earliest clinical signs of disease may facilitate diagnosis. The retina is the most accessible part of the central nervous system, and retinal pathology in TSE affected animals has been previously reported. Here we describe antemortem changes in retinal function and morphology that are detectable in BSE inoculated animals several months (up to 11 months) prior to the appearance of any other signs of clinical disease. We also demonstrate that differences in the severity of these clinical signs reflect the amount of PrPSc accumulation in the retina and the resulting inflammatory response of the tissue. These results are the earliest reported clinical signs associated with TSE infection and provide a basis for understanding the pathology and evaluating therapeutic interventions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:28:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-484ff9972aa04e5f8e621323889f61f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:28:18Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-484ff9972aa04e5f8e621323889f61f02022-12-21T17:32:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01103e011943110.1371/journal.pone.0119431Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy.M Heather West GreenleeJodi D SmithEkundayo M PlattJessica R JuarezLeo L TimmsJustin J GreenleeBovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a group of fatal, transmissible protein misfolding diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). All TSEs are caused by accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) throughout the central nervous system (CNS), which results in neuronal loss and ultimately death. Like other protein misfolding diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, TSEs are generally not diagnosed until the onset of disease after the appearance of unequivocal clinical signs. As such, identification of the earliest clinical signs of disease may facilitate diagnosis. The retina is the most accessible part of the central nervous system, and retinal pathology in TSE affected animals has been previously reported. Here we describe antemortem changes in retinal function and morphology that are detectable in BSE inoculated animals several months (up to 11 months) prior to the appearance of any other signs of clinical disease. We also demonstrate that differences in the severity of these clinical signs reflect the amount of PrPSc accumulation in the retina and the resulting inflammatory response of the tissue. These results are the earliest reported clinical signs associated with TSE infection and provide a basis for understanding the pathology and evaluating therapeutic interventions.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4355414?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | M Heather West Greenlee Jodi D Smith Ekundayo M Platt Jessica R Juarez Leo L Timms Justin J Greenlee Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS ONE |
| title | Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_full | Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_fullStr | Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_short | Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_sort | changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4355414?pdf=render |
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