Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Vanillin is a flavorful and aromatic secondary metabolite found in vanilla plants. Natural vanillin, produced through processed vanilla beans accounts for scarcely 0.2% of industrial requirements. Vanillin produced via chemical methods and microbial fermentation fills the remaining gap. Among natura...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/5/206 |
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| author | Tahir Mehmood Fozia Saleem Sadia Javed Sadia Nawaz Aeysha Sultan Ambreen Safdar Azmat Ullah Rida Waseem Shagufta Saeed Mateen Abbas Muhammad Bilal Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmad Sehrish Firyal |
| author_facet | Tahir Mehmood Fozia Saleem Sadia Javed Sadia Nawaz Aeysha Sultan Ambreen Safdar Azmat Ullah Rida Waseem Shagufta Saeed Mateen Abbas Muhammad Bilal Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmad Sehrish Firyal |
| author_sort | Tahir Mehmood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vanillin is a flavorful and aromatic secondary metabolite found in vanilla plants. Natural vanillin, produced through processed vanilla beans accounts for scarcely 0.2% of industrial requirements. Vanillin produced via chemical methods and microbial fermentation fills the remaining gap. Among naturally available precursors for biovanillin synthesis, ferulic acid is widely used because of its structural similarity and abundant availability. Herein, various agricultural lignocellulosic by-products (sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice straw, rice bran, and corn cob) were scrutinized for their ferulic acid content, and their biotransformation into biovanillin was examined by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Then, different physicochemical parameters, i.e., moisture content, pH, temperature, inoculum size, and incubation days, were optimized to achieve a high yield of biovanillin using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Among agricultural by-products tested, sugarcane bagasse produced 0.029 g/100 g of biovanillin using <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> through SSF. After optimization, the highest concentration of biovanillin (0.476 g/100 g) was achieved at a moisture content of 70%, temperature of 37.5 °C, pH 7.5, inoculum size of 4 mL and incubation time of 48 h. The F-value of 6.10 and <i>p-value</i> of 0.002 evidenced the ultimate significance of the model. The significance of the constructed model was supported by the 91.73% coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), indicating that the effects of moisture, pH, and temperature were significant. HPLC and FTIR confirmed the sample identification and purity (was reported to be 98.3% pure). In conclusion, sugarcane bagasse appears to be a cost-effective substrate choice for large-scale biovanillin production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-48c0439ce3f7475ba9441b957d3d25bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-48c0439ce3f7475ba9441b957d3d25bd2023-11-23T10:56:58ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372022-05-018520610.3390/fermentation8050206Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)Tahir Mehmood0Fozia Saleem1Sadia Javed2Sadia Nawaz3Aeysha Sultan4Ambreen Safdar5Azmat Ullah6Rida Waseem7Shagufta Saeed8Mateen Abbas9Muhammad Bilal10Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmad11Sehrish Firyal12Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, PakistanCentre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanQuality Operations Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad 44000, PakistanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanVanillin is a flavorful and aromatic secondary metabolite found in vanilla plants. Natural vanillin, produced through processed vanilla beans accounts for scarcely 0.2% of industrial requirements. Vanillin produced via chemical methods and microbial fermentation fills the remaining gap. Among naturally available precursors for biovanillin synthesis, ferulic acid is widely used because of its structural similarity and abundant availability. Herein, various agricultural lignocellulosic by-products (sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice straw, rice bran, and corn cob) were scrutinized for their ferulic acid content, and their biotransformation into biovanillin was examined by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Then, different physicochemical parameters, i.e., moisture content, pH, temperature, inoculum size, and incubation days, were optimized to achieve a high yield of biovanillin using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Among agricultural by-products tested, sugarcane bagasse produced 0.029 g/100 g of biovanillin using <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> through SSF. After optimization, the highest concentration of biovanillin (0.476 g/100 g) was achieved at a moisture content of 70%, temperature of 37.5 °C, pH 7.5, inoculum size of 4 mL and incubation time of 48 h. The F-value of 6.10 and <i>p-value</i> of 0.002 evidenced the ultimate significance of the model. The significance of the constructed model was supported by the 91.73% coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), indicating that the effects of moisture, pH, and temperature were significant. HPLC and FTIR confirmed the sample identification and purity (was reported to be 98.3% pure). In conclusion, sugarcane bagasse appears to be a cost-effective substrate choice for large-scale biovanillin production.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/5/206sugarcane bagasseferulic acidbiovanillin<i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>solid-state fermentationresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Tahir Mehmood Fozia Saleem Sadia Javed Sadia Nawaz Aeysha Sultan Ambreen Safdar Azmat Ullah Rida Waseem Shagufta Saeed Mateen Abbas Muhammad Bilal Muhammad Mushtaq Ahmad Sehrish Firyal Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Fermentation sugarcane bagasse ferulic acid biovanillin <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> solid-state fermentation response surface methodology |
| title | Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_full | Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_fullStr | Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_short | Biotransformation of Agricultural By-Products into Biovanillin through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Optimization of Different Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) |
| title_sort | biotransformation of agricultural by products into biovanillin through solid state fermentation ssf and optimization of different parameters using response surface methodology rsm |
| topic | sugarcane bagasse ferulic acid biovanillin <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> solid-state fermentation response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/5/206 |
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