Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022
Anthocyanins are reported to exhibit a wide variety of remedial qualities against many human disorders, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of cognitive decline, and are touted to protect against neurodegenerative disorders...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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Series: | Molecules |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/560 |
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author | Bharathi Avula Kumar Katragunta Ahmed G. Osman Zulfiqar Ali Sebastian John Adams Amar G. Chittiboyina Ikhlas A. Khan |
author_facet | Bharathi Avula Kumar Katragunta Ahmed G. Osman Zulfiqar Ali Sebastian John Adams Amar G. Chittiboyina Ikhlas A. Khan |
author_sort | Bharathi Avula |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Anthocyanins are reported to exhibit a wide variety of remedial qualities against many human disorders, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of cognitive decline, and are touted to protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are water soluble naturally occurring polyphenols containing sugar moiety and are found abundantly in colored fruits/berries. Various chromatographic (HPLC/HPTLC) and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) techniques as standalone or in hyphenated forms such as LC-MS/LC-NMR are routinely used to gauge the chemical composition and ensure the overall quality of anthocyanins in berries, fruits, and finished products. The major emphasis of the current review is to compile and disseminate various analytical methodologies on characterization, quantification, and chemical profiling of the whole array of anthocyanins in berries, and fruits within the last two decades. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanins, including pH, light exposure, solvents, metal ions, and the presence of other substances, such as enzymes and proteins, were addressed. Several sources of anthocyanins, including berries and fruit with their botanical identity and respective yields of anthocyanins, were covered. In addition to chemical characterization, economically motivated adulteration of anthocyanin-rich fruits and berries due to increasing consumer demand will also be the subject of discussion. Finally, the health benefits and the medicinal utilities of anthocyanins were briefly discussed. A literature search was performed using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, and the search was conducted covering the period from January 2000 to November 2022. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:35:47Z |
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id | doaj.art-48c36c37899e4153ab13b00b75136483 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1420-3049 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:35:47Z |
publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Molecules |
spelling | doaj.art-48c36c37899e4153ab13b00b751364832023-11-30T23:41:34ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-0128256010.3390/molecules28020560Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022Bharathi Avula0Kumar Katragunta1Ahmed G. Osman2Zulfiqar Ali3Sebastian John Adams4Amar G. Chittiboyina5Ikhlas A. Khan6National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USANational Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USAAnthocyanins are reported to exhibit a wide variety of remedial qualities against many human disorders, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of cognitive decline, and are touted to protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are water soluble naturally occurring polyphenols containing sugar moiety and are found abundantly in colored fruits/berries. Various chromatographic (HPLC/HPTLC) and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) techniques as standalone or in hyphenated forms such as LC-MS/LC-NMR are routinely used to gauge the chemical composition and ensure the overall quality of anthocyanins in berries, fruits, and finished products. The major emphasis of the current review is to compile and disseminate various analytical methodologies on characterization, quantification, and chemical profiling of the whole array of anthocyanins in berries, and fruits within the last two decades. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanins, including pH, light exposure, solvents, metal ions, and the presence of other substances, such as enzymes and proteins, were addressed. Several sources of anthocyanins, including berries and fruit with their botanical identity and respective yields of anthocyanins, were covered. In addition to chemical characterization, economically motivated adulteration of anthocyanin-rich fruits and berries due to increasing consumer demand will also be the subject of discussion. Finally, the health benefits and the medicinal utilities of anthocyanins were briefly discussed. A literature search was performed using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, and the search was conducted covering the period from January 2000 to November 2022.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/560anthocyaninschemistrystabilityanalytical techniquesfruit and berrieshealth benefits |
spellingShingle | Bharathi Avula Kumar Katragunta Ahmed G. Osman Zulfiqar Ali Sebastian John Adams Amar G. Chittiboyina Ikhlas A. Khan Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022 Molecules anthocyanins chemistry stability analytical techniques fruit and berries health benefits |
title | Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022 |
title_full | Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022 |
title_fullStr | Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022 |
title_full_unstemmed | Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022 |
title_short | Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000–2022 |
title_sort | advances in the chemistry analysis and adulteration of anthocyanin rich berries and fruits 2000 2022 |
topic | anthocyanins chemistry stability analytical techniques fruit and berries health benefits |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/560 |
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