Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells
Abstract Purpose Platinum-based drugs are cytotoxic drugs commonly used in cancer treatment. They cause DNA damage, effects of which on chromatin and cellular responses are relatively well described. Yet, the nuclear stress responses related to RNA processing are incompletely known and may be releva...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Cancer Cell International |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-023-03205-0 |
| _version_ | 1797355498770530304 |
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| author | Enkhzaya Batnasan Minttu Kärkkäinen Sonja Koivukoski Nithin Sadeesh Sylvain Tollis Pekka Ruusuvuori Mauro Scaravilli Leena Latonen |
| author_facet | Enkhzaya Batnasan Minttu Kärkkäinen Sonja Koivukoski Nithin Sadeesh Sylvain Tollis Pekka Ruusuvuori Mauro Scaravilli Leena Latonen |
| author_sort | Enkhzaya Batnasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose Platinum-based drugs are cytotoxic drugs commonly used in cancer treatment. They cause DNA damage, effects of which on chromatin and cellular responses are relatively well described. Yet, the nuclear stress responses related to RNA processing are incompletely known and may be relevant for the heterogeneity with which cancer cells respond to these drugs. Here, we determine the type and extent of nuclear stress responses of prostate cancer cells to clinically relevant platinum drugs. Methods We study nucleolar and Cajal body (CB) responses to cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin with immunofluorescence-based methods in prostate cancer cells. We utilize organelle-specific markers NPM, Fibrillarin, Coilin, and SMN1, and study CB-regulatory proteins FUS and TDP-43 using siRNA-mediated downregulation. Results Different types of prostate cancer cells have different sensitivities to platinum drugs. With equally cytotoxic doses, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin induce prominent nucleolar and CB stress responses while the nuclear stress phenotypes to carboplatin are milder. We find that Coilin is a stress-specific marker for platinum drug response heterogeneity. We also find that CB-associated, stress-responsive RNA binding proteins FUS and TDP-43 control Coilin and CB biology in prostate cancer cells and, further, that TDP-43 is associated with stress-responsive CBs in prostate cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings provide insight into the heterologous responses of prostate cancer cells to different platinum drug treatments and indicate Coilin and TDP-43 as stress mediators in the varied outcomes. These results help understand cancer drug responses at a cellular level and have implications in tackling heterogeneity in cancer treatment outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:12:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4b429888cb0e4d949946d916ecdab38d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2867 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:12:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Cell International |
| spelling | doaj.art-4b429888cb0e4d949946d916ecdab38d2024-01-14T12:37:19ZengBMCCancer Cell International1475-28672024-01-0124111710.1186/s12935-023-03205-0Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cellsEnkhzaya Batnasan0Minttu Kärkkäinen1Sonja Koivukoski2Nithin Sadeesh3Sylvain Tollis4Pekka Ruusuvuori5Mauro Scaravilli6Leena Latonen7Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandAbstract Purpose Platinum-based drugs are cytotoxic drugs commonly used in cancer treatment. They cause DNA damage, effects of which on chromatin and cellular responses are relatively well described. Yet, the nuclear stress responses related to RNA processing are incompletely known and may be relevant for the heterogeneity with which cancer cells respond to these drugs. Here, we determine the type and extent of nuclear stress responses of prostate cancer cells to clinically relevant platinum drugs. Methods We study nucleolar and Cajal body (CB) responses to cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin with immunofluorescence-based methods in prostate cancer cells. We utilize organelle-specific markers NPM, Fibrillarin, Coilin, and SMN1, and study CB-regulatory proteins FUS and TDP-43 using siRNA-mediated downregulation. Results Different types of prostate cancer cells have different sensitivities to platinum drugs. With equally cytotoxic doses, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin induce prominent nucleolar and CB stress responses while the nuclear stress phenotypes to carboplatin are milder. We find that Coilin is a stress-specific marker for platinum drug response heterogeneity. We also find that CB-associated, stress-responsive RNA binding proteins FUS and TDP-43 control Coilin and CB biology in prostate cancer cells and, further, that TDP-43 is associated with stress-responsive CBs in prostate cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings provide insight into the heterologous responses of prostate cancer cells to different platinum drug treatments and indicate Coilin and TDP-43 as stress mediators in the varied outcomes. These results help understand cancer drug responses at a cellular level and have implications in tackling heterogeneity in cancer treatment outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-023-03205-0NucleoliCajal bodiesProstate cancerPlatinum drugsStress responseNucleus |
| spellingShingle | Enkhzaya Batnasan Minttu Kärkkäinen Sonja Koivukoski Nithin Sadeesh Sylvain Tollis Pekka Ruusuvuori Mauro Scaravilli Leena Latonen Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells Cancer Cell International Nucleoli Cajal bodies Prostate cancer Platinum drugs Stress response Nucleus |
| title | Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells |
| title_full | Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells |
| title_fullStr | Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells |
| title_short | Platinum-based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and Cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells |
| title_sort | platinum based drugs induce phenotypic alterations in nucleoli and cajal bodies in prostate cancer cells |
| topic | Nucleoli Cajal bodies Prostate cancer Platinum drugs Stress response Nucleus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-023-03205-0 |
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