Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon
The aim of this research was to explore the removal of Red G and Bordeaux B dyes from water using a packed bed column with conventional carbon (<i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i>) and iron-modified activated carbon <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2321 |
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| author | Gilberto J. Colina Andrade Jessica M. Vilca Quilla Ruly Terán Hilares Kevin Tejada Meza Alejandra C. Mogrovejo Valdivia Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda Jaime D. Cárdenas García David A. Pacheco Tanaka |
| author_facet | Gilberto J. Colina Andrade Jessica M. Vilca Quilla Ruly Terán Hilares Kevin Tejada Meza Alejandra C. Mogrovejo Valdivia Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda Jaime D. Cárdenas García David A. Pacheco Tanaka |
| author_sort | Gilberto J. Colina Andrade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this research was to explore the removal of Red G and Bordeaux B dyes from water using a packed bed column with conventional carbon (<i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i>) and iron-modified activated carbon <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The bands increased in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, corresponding to groups already existing in <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i>, such as C = C and C-C, and the appearance of new groups, such as C-O, C-Cl, Fe-Cl and Fe-O. The total ash content (<i>C<sub>T</sub></i>) was <i>C<sub>T</sub></i> = (10.53 ± 0.12 and 8.98 ± 0.21)% for <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. A molecular structure in the shape of a cross was noticed in Bordeaux B, which was less complex and smaller than the one in Red G. For fixed-bed columns, the carbon fraction was (0.43 and 0.85) mm. The pH of the adsorbents was 8.55 for <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i> and 4.14 for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Breakthrough curves were obtained and the Thomas model (TM) and Yoon–Nelson model (YNM) were applied. The sorption capacity of Bordeaux B on <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>: (237.88 and 216.21) mg/g, respectively, but the one of Red G was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>: (338.46 and 329.42) mg/g. The dye removal (R<sub>T</sub>) was over 55%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4ba9efa4980d4b87b0a67ae45a603542 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-4ba9efa4980d4b87b0a67ae45a6035422023-12-01T23:15:30ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-07-011415232110.3390/w14152321Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated CarbonGilberto J. Colina Andrade0Jessica M. Vilca Quilla1Ruly Terán Hilares2Kevin Tejada Meza3Alejandra C. Mogrovejo Valdivia4Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda5Jaime D. Cárdenas García6David A. Pacheco Tanaka7Laboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruLaboratorio de Tecnología de Membranas, Universidad Católica de Santa María—UCSM, Urb. San José, San José S/N, Yanahuara, Arequipa 04000, PeruThe aim of this research was to explore the removal of Red G and Bordeaux B dyes from water using a packed bed column with conventional carbon (<i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i>) and iron-modified activated carbon <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The bands increased in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, corresponding to groups already existing in <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i>, such as C = C and C-C, and the appearance of new groups, such as C-O, C-Cl, Fe-Cl and Fe-O. The total ash content (<i>C<sub>T</sub></i>) was <i>C<sub>T</sub></i> = (10.53 ± 0.12 and 8.98 ± 0.21)% for <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. A molecular structure in the shape of a cross was noticed in Bordeaux B, which was less complex and smaller than the one in Red G. For fixed-bed columns, the carbon fraction was (0.43 and 0.85) mm. The pH of the adsorbents was 8.55 for <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i> and 4.14 for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Breakthrough curves were obtained and the Thomas model (TM) and Yoon–Nelson model (YNM) were applied. The sorption capacity of Bordeaux B on <i>C<sub>-conv</sub></i> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>: (237.88 and 216.21) mg/g, respectively, but the one of Red G was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>q</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>: (338.46 and 329.42) mg/g. The dye removal (R<sub>T</sub>) was over 55%.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2321iron-modified activated carbonazo dyesfixed-bed columnsadsorption |
| spellingShingle | Gilberto J. Colina Andrade Jessica M. Vilca Quilla Ruly Terán Hilares Kevin Tejada Meza Alejandra C. Mogrovejo Valdivia Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda Jaime D. Cárdenas García David A. Pacheco Tanaka Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon Water iron-modified activated carbon azo dyes fixed-bed columns adsorption |
| title | Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon |
| title_full | Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon |
| title_short | Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon |
| title_sort | enhanced removal of bordeaux b and red g dyes used in alpaca wool dying from water using iron modified activated carbon |
| topic | iron-modified activated carbon azo dyes fixed-bed columns adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2321 |
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