Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages
The effects of isochlorogenic acid (ICGA) on ewes rumen environment, microbial diversity, and immunity at different physiological stages (estrus, pregnancy and lactation) were studied in this experiment. Twenty healthy female Hu lambs of 1.5 months with similar body weight (17.82 ± 0.98 kg) and body...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
Series: | Animals |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/715 |
_version_ | 1797264909265797120 |
---|---|
author | Shuyan Li Xiongxiong Li Yuzhu Sha Shuai Qi Xia Zhang Huning Wang Zhengwen Wang Shengguo Zhao Ting Jiao |
author_facet | Shuyan Li Xiongxiong Li Yuzhu Sha Shuai Qi Xia Zhang Huning Wang Zhengwen Wang Shengguo Zhao Ting Jiao |
author_sort | Shuyan Li |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The effects of isochlorogenic acid (ICGA) on ewes rumen environment, microbial diversity, and immunity at different physiological stages (estrus, pregnancy and lactation) were studied in this experiment. Twenty healthy female Hu lambs of 1.5 months with similar body weight (17.82 ± 0.98 kg) and body condition were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) and the ICGA group (ICGA). The lambs of CON were fed a basal diet, while the lambs of ICGA were supplemented with 0.1% ICGA based on the basal diet. Lambs rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial diversity and immunity at estrus, pregnancy, and lactation stages were determined and analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the rumen pH in CON increased first and then decreased as lambs grew (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, it showed the opposite change in ICGA. The content of ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) showed the highest at estrus stage in both groups, but it was significantly higher in ICGA than that in CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The Acetic acid/propionic acid (A/P) ratio at estrus stage and the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at pregnancy stage in ICGA were significantly higher than those of the CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that the Shannon, Chao 1 and ACE indexes of the ICGA were significantly higher than those of the CON both at estrus and lactation stages (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while they showed higher at the pregnancy stage in CON (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there were significant differences in rumen microorganism structure between CON and ICGA at all physiological stages (<i>p</i> < 0.01). At the phylum level, compared with the CON, <i>Firmicutes</i> relative abundance of three physiological stages decreased (<i>p</i> > 0.05) while <i>Bacteroidota</i> increased (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The relative abundance of <i>Synergistota</i> at estrus stage and <i>Patescibacteria</i> at the lactation stage increased significantly too (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the genus level, compared with the CON, the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i> at three stages showed the highest (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while the relative abundance of <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, <i>unclassified_Selenomonadaceae</i> and <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i> showed different abundances at different physiological stages in ICGA. Compared with the CON, the lambs of the ICGA showed higher blood IgG, IgM, and TNF- α contents at three physiological stages and higher IL-6 contents at pregnancy stage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding ICGA could regulate ewes rumen fermentation mode at different physiological stages by increasing rumen NH<sub>3</sub>-N at estrus, VFAs at pregnancy, and the ratio of A/P at lactation. It optimizes rumen microbial flora of different physiological stages by increasing <i>Bacteroidota</i> relative abundance while reducing <i>Firmicutes</i> relative abundance, maintaining rumen microbial homeostasis at pregnant stage, increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in later lactating and ewes blood immunoglobulins content at three physiological stages. |
first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:36:23Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-4c0d8a05c9c2468ea729f656a33cafdb |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2076-2615 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:36:23Z |
publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Animals |
spelling | doaj.art-4c0d8a05c9c2468ea729f656a33cafdb2024-03-12T16:38:01ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-02-0114571510.3390/ani14050715Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological StagesShuyan Li0Xiongxiong Li1Yuzhu Sha2Shuai Qi3Xia Zhang4Huning Wang5Zhengwen Wang6Shengguo Zhao7Ting Jiao8College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaThe effects of isochlorogenic acid (ICGA) on ewes rumen environment, microbial diversity, and immunity at different physiological stages (estrus, pregnancy and lactation) were studied in this experiment. Twenty healthy female Hu lambs of 1.5 months with similar body weight (17.82 ± 0.98 kg) and body condition were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) and the ICGA group (ICGA). The lambs of CON were fed a basal diet, while the lambs of ICGA were supplemented with 0.1% ICGA based on the basal diet. Lambs rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial diversity and immunity at estrus, pregnancy, and lactation stages were determined and analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the rumen pH in CON increased first and then decreased as lambs grew (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, it showed the opposite change in ICGA. The content of ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) showed the highest at estrus stage in both groups, but it was significantly higher in ICGA than that in CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The Acetic acid/propionic acid (A/P) ratio at estrus stage and the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at pregnancy stage in ICGA were significantly higher than those of the CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that the Shannon, Chao 1 and ACE indexes of the ICGA were significantly higher than those of the CON both at estrus and lactation stages (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while they showed higher at the pregnancy stage in CON (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there were significant differences in rumen microorganism structure between CON and ICGA at all physiological stages (<i>p</i> < 0.01). At the phylum level, compared with the CON, <i>Firmicutes</i> relative abundance of three physiological stages decreased (<i>p</i> > 0.05) while <i>Bacteroidota</i> increased (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The relative abundance of <i>Synergistota</i> at estrus stage and <i>Patescibacteria</i> at the lactation stage increased significantly too (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the genus level, compared with the CON, the relative abundance of <i>Prevotella</i> at three stages showed the highest (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while the relative abundance of <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, <i>unclassified_Selenomonadaceae</i> and <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i> showed different abundances at different physiological stages in ICGA. Compared with the CON, the lambs of the ICGA showed higher blood IgG, IgM, and TNF- α contents at three physiological stages and higher IL-6 contents at pregnancy stage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding ICGA could regulate ewes rumen fermentation mode at different physiological stages by increasing rumen NH<sub>3</sub>-N at estrus, VFAs at pregnancy, and the ratio of A/P at lactation. It optimizes rumen microbial flora of different physiological stages by increasing <i>Bacteroidota</i> relative abundance while reducing <i>Firmicutes</i> relative abundance, maintaining rumen microbial homeostasis at pregnant stage, increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in later lactating and ewes blood immunoglobulins content at three physiological stages.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/715isochlorogenic acidewesHu lambsphysiological stagesrumen fermentationrumen microbial diversity |
spellingShingle | Shuyan Li Xiongxiong Li Yuzhu Sha Shuai Qi Xia Zhang Huning Wang Zhengwen Wang Shengguo Zhao Ting Jiao Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages Animals isochlorogenic acid ewes Hu lambs physiological stages rumen fermentation rumen microbial diversity |
title | Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages |
title_full | Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages |
title_fullStr | Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages |
title_short | Effects of Isochlorogenic Acid on Ewes Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity and Ewes Immunity of Different Physiological Stages |
title_sort | effects of isochlorogenic acid on ewes rumen fermentation microbial diversity and ewes immunity of different physiological stages |
topic | isochlorogenic acid ewes Hu lambs physiological stages rumen fermentation rumen microbial diversity |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/5/715 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT shuyanli effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT xiongxiongli effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT yuzhusha effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT shuaiqi effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT xiazhang effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT huningwang effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT zhengwenwang effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT shengguozhao effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages AT tingjiao effectsofisochlorogenicacidonewesrumenfermentationmicrobialdiversityandewesimmunityofdifferentphysiologicalstages |