Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia
Inosine 5′-monophoaphate (IMP) is a food additive that promotes serious lipohyperplasia in the liver of C57/KsJ-<i>db</i>/<i>db</i> (<i>db</i>/<i>db</i>) mice. Thus, IMP taken orally by healthy mice might also damage their health. To date, how IMP affe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14588 |
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| author | Bin Zhang Yang Xu Jinyan Liu Chongming Wu Xiaohong Zhao Lidong Zhou Yong Xie |
| author_facet | Bin Zhang Yang Xu Jinyan Liu Chongming Wu Xiaohong Zhao Lidong Zhou Yong Xie |
| author_sort | Bin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inosine 5′-monophoaphate (IMP) is a food additive that promotes serious lipohyperplasia in the liver of C57/KsJ-<i>db</i>/<i>db</i> (<i>db</i>/<i>db</i>) mice. Thus, IMP taken orally by healthy mice might also damage their health. To date, how IMP affects health after being taken by healthy animals is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the health of C57BL/6J mice affected by IMP intake. Our data revealed that C57BL/6J mice administered 255 μM IMP daily via oral gavage for 4 months caused hyperlipidemia and an increase in body fat rate. The expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) in hepatocytes increased though the administration of IMP, promoting the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The conversion of acetyl-CoA into triglycerides (TGs) was promoted by ACC1. These TGs were transported from the hepatocytes to avoid the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), causing a deficiency of acetyl-CoA in the liver, and then, the increased phosphorylated ACC2 promoted the cytoplasm fatty acids entering the mitochondria and conversion into acetyl-CoA through the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, causing a deficiency in fatty acids. Therefore, the liver showed enhanced absorption of exogenous fatty acids, which were converted into TGs, causing lipohyperplasia. In conclusion, an excessive IMP intake promotes metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:43:34Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4d00f3419790476393227d92efc9e180 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:43:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4d00f3419790476393227d92efc9e1802023-11-19T14:28:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-09-0124191458810.3390/ijms241914588Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to LipohyperplasiaBin Zhang0Yang Xu1Jinyan Liu2Chongming Wu3Xiaohong Zhao4Lidong Zhou5Yong Xie6Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Malianwa North Road No. 151, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, ChinaInosine 5′-monophoaphate (IMP) is a food additive that promotes serious lipohyperplasia in the liver of C57/KsJ-<i>db</i>/<i>db</i> (<i>db</i>/<i>db</i>) mice. Thus, IMP taken orally by healthy mice might also damage their health. To date, how IMP affects health after being taken by healthy animals is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the health of C57BL/6J mice affected by IMP intake. Our data revealed that C57BL/6J mice administered 255 μM IMP daily via oral gavage for 4 months caused hyperlipidemia and an increase in body fat rate. The expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) in hepatocytes increased though the administration of IMP, promoting the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The conversion of acetyl-CoA into triglycerides (TGs) was promoted by ACC1. These TGs were transported from the hepatocytes to avoid the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), causing a deficiency of acetyl-CoA in the liver, and then, the increased phosphorylated ACC2 promoted the cytoplasm fatty acids entering the mitochondria and conversion into acetyl-CoA through the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, causing a deficiency in fatty acids. Therefore, the liver showed enhanced absorption of exogenous fatty acids, which were converted into TGs, causing lipohyperplasia. In conclusion, an excessive IMP intake promotes metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14588inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP)AMPKacetyl-CoAACClipohyperplasia |
| spellingShingle | Bin Zhang Yang Xu Jinyan Liu Chongming Wu Xiaohong Zhao Lidong Zhou Yong Xie Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia International Journal of Molecular Sciences inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) AMPK acetyl-CoA ACC lipohyperplasia |
| title | Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia |
| title_full | Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia |
| title_fullStr | Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia |
| title_short | Oral Intake of Inosine 5′-Monophosphate in Mice Promotes the Absorption of Exogenous Fatty Acids and Their Conversion into Triglycerides though Enhancing the Phosphorylation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver, Leading to Lipohyperplasia |
| title_sort | oral intake of inosine 5 monophosphate in mice promotes the absorption of exogenous fatty acids and their conversion into triglycerides though enhancing the phosphorylation of adenosine 5 monophosphate activated protein kinase in the liver leading to lipohyperplasia |
| topic | inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) AMPK acetyl-CoA ACC lipohyperplasia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14588 |
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