Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases
Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate the topological state of DNA supercoiling in all living organisms. These enzymes alter DNA topology by performing double-stranded passage reactions on over- or underwound DNA substrates. This strand passage reaction generates a transient cov...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11199 |
| _version_ | 1797591479142580224 |
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| author | Jeffrey Y. Jian Neil Osheroff |
| author_facet | Jeffrey Y. Jian Neil Osheroff |
| author_sort | Jeffrey Y. Jian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate the topological state of DNA supercoiling in all living organisms. These enzymes alter DNA topology by performing double-stranded passage reactions on over- or underwound DNA substrates. This strand passage reaction generates a transient covalent enzyme–cleaved DNA structure known as the cleavage complex. Al-though the cleavage complex is a requisite catalytic intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability in biological systems. The potential threat of type II topoisomerase function can also vary based on the nature of the supercoiled DNA substrate. During essential processes such as DNA replication and transcription, cleavage complex formation can be inherently more dangerous on overwound versus underwound DNA substrates. As such, it is important to understand the profound effects that DNA topology can have on the cellular functions of type II topoisomerases. This review will provide a broad assessment of how human and bacterial type II topoisomerases recognize and act on their substrates of various topological states. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:38:01Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4e324df2e8a248a389155c613a1193462023-11-18T16:49:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-07-0124131119910.3390/ijms241311199Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II TopoisomerasesJeffrey Y. Jian0Neil Osheroff1Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USADepartment of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USAType II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate the topological state of DNA supercoiling in all living organisms. These enzymes alter DNA topology by performing double-stranded passage reactions on over- or underwound DNA substrates. This strand passage reaction generates a transient covalent enzyme–cleaved DNA structure known as the cleavage complex. Al-though the cleavage complex is a requisite catalytic intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability in biological systems. The potential threat of type II topoisomerase function can also vary based on the nature of the supercoiled DNA substrate. During essential processes such as DNA replication and transcription, cleavage complex formation can be inherently more dangerous on overwound versus underwound DNA substrates. As such, it is important to understand the profound effects that DNA topology can have on the cellular functions of type II topoisomerases. This review will provide a broad assessment of how human and bacterial type II topoisomerases recognize and act on their substrates of various topological states.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11199DNA topoisomeraseDNA topologysupercoil handednesstype II topoisomeraseDNA relaxationDNA cleavage |
| spellingShingle | Jeffrey Y. Jian Neil Osheroff Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases International Journal of Molecular Sciences DNA topoisomerase DNA topology supercoil handedness type II topoisomerase DNA relaxation DNA cleavage |
| title | Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases |
| title_full | Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases |
| title_fullStr | Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases |
| title_short | Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases |
| title_sort | telling your right hand from your left the effects of dna supercoil handedness on the actions of type ii topoisomerases |
| topic | DNA topoisomerase DNA topology supercoil handedness type II topoisomerase DNA relaxation DNA cleavage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11199 |
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