Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is implicated in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, immunotherapy failure and tumor recurrence. Multiple immunosuppressive cells and soluble secreted cytokines together drive and accelerate TME disorders, T cell immunodeficiency and tumor growth. Thus, it is essential t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086803/full |
| _version_ | 1828041062802784256 |
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| author | Jing Lu Taotao Liang Ping Li Qingsong Yin |
| author_facet | Jing Lu Taotao Liang Ping Li Qingsong Yin |
| author_sort | Jing Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tumor microenvironment (TME) is implicated in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, immunotherapy failure and tumor recurrence. Multiple immunosuppressive cells and soluble secreted cytokines together drive and accelerate TME disorders, T cell immunodeficiency and tumor growth. Thus, it is essential to comprehensively understand the TME status, immune cells involved and key transcriptional factors, and extend this knowledge to therapies that target dysfunctional T cells in the TME. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a unique IRF family member that is not regulated by interferons, instead, is mainly induced upon T-cell receptor signaling, Toll-like receptors and tumor necrosis factor receptors. IRF4 is largely restricted to immune cells and plays critical roles in the differentiation and function of effector cells and immunosuppressive cells, particularly during clonal expansion and the effector function of T cells. However, in a specific biological context, it is also involved in the transcriptional process of T cell exhaustion with its binding partners. Given the multiple effects of IRF4 on immune cells, especially T cells, manipulating IRF4 may be an important therapeutic target for reversing T cell exhaustion and TME disorders, thus promoting anti-tumor immunity. This study reviews the regulatory effects of IRF4 on various immune cells in the TME, and reveals its potential mechanisms, providing a novel direction for clinical immune intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:03:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4eb1872c24644b2eab8ff95cae26f040 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:03:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4eb1872c24644b2eab8ff95cae26f0402023-02-06T06:52:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-02-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.10868031086803Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironmentJing Lu0Taotao Liang1Ping Li2Qingsong Yin3Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United StatesDepartment of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is implicated in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, immunotherapy failure and tumor recurrence. Multiple immunosuppressive cells and soluble secreted cytokines together drive and accelerate TME disorders, T cell immunodeficiency and tumor growth. Thus, it is essential to comprehensively understand the TME status, immune cells involved and key transcriptional factors, and extend this knowledge to therapies that target dysfunctional T cells in the TME. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a unique IRF family member that is not regulated by interferons, instead, is mainly induced upon T-cell receptor signaling, Toll-like receptors and tumor necrosis factor receptors. IRF4 is largely restricted to immune cells and plays critical roles in the differentiation and function of effector cells and immunosuppressive cells, particularly during clonal expansion and the effector function of T cells. However, in a specific biological context, it is also involved in the transcriptional process of T cell exhaustion with its binding partners. Given the multiple effects of IRF4 on immune cells, especially T cells, manipulating IRF4 may be an important therapeutic target for reversing T cell exhaustion and TME disorders, thus promoting anti-tumor immunity. This study reviews the regulatory effects of IRF4 on various immune cells in the TME, and reveals its potential mechanisms, providing a novel direction for clinical immune intervention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086803/fullIRF4tumor microenvironmentimmunosuppressive cellsT cell exhaustionimmunoregulation |
| spellingShingle | Jing Lu Taotao Liang Ping Li Qingsong Yin Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment Frontiers in Immunology IRF4 tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive cells T cell exhaustion immunoregulation |
| title | Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment |
| title_full | Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment |
| title_short | Regulatory effects of IRF4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment |
| title_sort | regulatory effects of irf4 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment |
| topic | IRF4 tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive cells T cell exhaustion immunoregulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086803/full |
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