The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments
The effects of contrast water therapy (CWT) on dehydration at moderate altitudes during training camps remain unknown. We hypothesized that CWT reduces dehydration resulting from training at moderate altitudes and improves performance, akin to conditions at sea level. A 13-day endurance training cam...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Sports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/12/232 |
| _version_ | 1797379283207847936 |
|---|---|
| author | Takayuki Inami Shota Yamaguchi Takuya Nishioka Kenta Chida Kosaku Hoshina Osamu Ito Takeshi Hashimoto Mitsuyoshi Murayama |
| author_facet | Takayuki Inami Shota Yamaguchi Takuya Nishioka Kenta Chida Kosaku Hoshina Osamu Ito Takeshi Hashimoto Mitsuyoshi Murayama |
| author_sort | Takayuki Inami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of contrast water therapy (CWT) on dehydration at moderate altitudes during training camps remain unknown. We hypothesized that CWT reduces dehydration resulting from training at moderate altitudes and improves performance, akin to conditions at sea level. A 13-day endurance training camp was held at a moderate altitude of 1100 m and included 22 university athletes, who were divided into two groups (CWT group, n = 12; control (CON) group, n = 10). The sample size was calculated based on an α level of 0.05, power (1 β) of 0.8, and effect size of 0.25 based on two-way ANOVA. Longitudinal changes over 13 days were compared using a two-group comparison model. Additionally, 16 athletes participated in an additional performance verification analysis. Subjective fatigue, body mass, and water content (total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water) were measured using bioimpedance analysis every morning, and the titin N-terminal fragment in urine (UTF) was measured as an index of muscle damage. For performance verification, 10 consecutive jump performances (with the reactive strength index (RSI) as an indicator) were evaluated as neuromuscular function indices. The results indicated that the UTF did not significantly differ between the two groups. Moreover, the ECW/TBW values, indicative of dehydration, on days 4 and 5 in the CWT group were significantly lower than those in the CON group. However, there was no significant difference in RSI between the two groups. Therefore, although CWT reduces dehydration in the early stages of the training camp, it may not affect performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:21:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4f099d4fd0654410b19189ae93b2ed1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:21:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-4f099d4fd0654410b19189ae93b2ed1c2023-12-22T14:43:11ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632023-11-01111223210.3390/sports11120232The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude EnvironmentsTakayuki Inami0Shota Yamaguchi1Takuya Nishioka2Kenta Chida3Kosaku Hoshina4Osamu Ito5Takeshi Hashimoto6Mitsuyoshi Murayama7Institute of Physical Education, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanInstitute of Physical Education, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanInstitute of Physical Education, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanGraduate School of System Design, Management, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanGraduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322, Fujisawa 252-0883, JapanSports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanSports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanInstitute of Physical Education, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, JapanThe effects of contrast water therapy (CWT) on dehydration at moderate altitudes during training camps remain unknown. We hypothesized that CWT reduces dehydration resulting from training at moderate altitudes and improves performance, akin to conditions at sea level. A 13-day endurance training camp was held at a moderate altitude of 1100 m and included 22 university athletes, who were divided into two groups (CWT group, n = 12; control (CON) group, n = 10). The sample size was calculated based on an α level of 0.05, power (1 β) of 0.8, and effect size of 0.25 based on two-way ANOVA. Longitudinal changes over 13 days were compared using a two-group comparison model. Additionally, 16 athletes participated in an additional performance verification analysis. Subjective fatigue, body mass, and water content (total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water) were measured using bioimpedance analysis every morning, and the titin N-terminal fragment in urine (UTF) was measured as an index of muscle damage. For performance verification, 10 consecutive jump performances (with the reactive strength index (RSI) as an indicator) were evaluated as neuromuscular function indices. The results indicated that the UTF did not significantly differ between the two groups. Moreover, the ECW/TBW values, indicative of dehydration, on days 4 and 5 in the CWT group were significantly lower than those in the CON group. However, there was no significant difference in RSI between the two groups. Therefore, although CWT reduces dehydration in the early stages of the training camp, it may not affect performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/12/232bioimpedance analysistitin N-terminal fragmentjump performance |
| spellingShingle | Takayuki Inami Shota Yamaguchi Takuya Nishioka Kenta Chida Kosaku Hoshina Osamu Ito Takeshi Hashimoto Mitsuyoshi Murayama The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments Sports bioimpedance analysis titin N-terminal fragment jump performance |
| title | The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments |
| title_full | The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments |
| title_short | The Effect of Contrast Water Therapy on Dehydration during Endurance Training Camps in Moderate-Altitude Environments |
| title_sort | effect of contrast water therapy on dehydration during endurance training camps in moderate altitude environments |
| topic | bioimpedance analysis titin N-terminal fragment jump performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/12/232 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT takayukiinami theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT shotayamaguchi theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT takuyanishioka theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT kentachida theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT kosakuhoshina theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT osamuito theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT takeshihashimoto theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT mitsuyoshimurayama theeffectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT takayukiinami effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT shotayamaguchi effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT takuyanishioka effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT kentachida effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT kosakuhoshina effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT osamuito effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT takeshihashimoto effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments AT mitsuyoshimurayama effectofcontrastwatertherapyondehydrationduringendurancetrainingcampsinmoderatealtitudeenvironments |