Investigating 3D-printed disk compressing against skin for pain relief in intradermal infiltration anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Pain intensity may be varied during the needle advancing through different skin layers, injection into the intradermal layer may exclude mixed pain from deeper planes. This study aimed to investigate whether compressing a three-dimensional (3D)-printed disk against the skin may r...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiong Yu, Wenxuan Chen, Qianyuan Liu, Jingyi Mi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2023-04-01
Series:BMC Anesthesiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02088-y