Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method

In this study, sodium caseinate (NaCas), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI) were used as structural materials for the delivery of rutin, naringenin, curcumin, hesperidin, and catechin. For each polyphenol, the protein solution was brought to alkaline pH, and then the polypheno...

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Main Authors: Ali Rashidinejad, Matthijs Nieuwkoop, Harjinder Singh, Geoffrey B. Jameson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-04-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3573
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author Ali Rashidinejad
Matthijs Nieuwkoop
Harjinder Singh
Geoffrey B. Jameson
author_facet Ali Rashidinejad
Matthijs Nieuwkoop
Harjinder Singh
Geoffrey B. Jameson
author_sort Ali Rashidinejad
collection DOAJ
description In this study, sodium caseinate (NaCas), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI) were used as structural materials for the delivery of rutin, naringenin, curcumin, hesperidin, and catechin. For each polyphenol, the protein solution was brought to alkaline pH, and then the polyphenol and trehalose (as a cryo-protectant) were added. The mixtures were later acidified, and the co-precipitated products were lyophilized. Regardless of the type of protein used, the co-precipitation method exhibited relatively high entrapment efficiency and loading capacity for all five polyphenols. Several structural changes were seen in the scanning electron micrographs of all polyphenol–protein co-precipitates. This included a significant decrease in the crystallinity of the polyphenols, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, where amorphous structures of rutin, naringenin, curcumin, hesperidin, and catechin were revealed after the treatment. Both the dispersibility and solubility of the lyophilized powders in water were improved dramatically (in some cases, >10-fold) after the treatment, with further improvements observed in these properties for the powders containing trehalose. Depending on the chemical structure and hydrophobicity of the tested polyphenols, there were differences observed in the degree and extent of the effect of the protein on different properties of the polyphenols. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that NaCas, WPI, and SPI can be used for the development of an efficient delivery system for hydrophobic polyphenols, which in turn can be incorporated into various functional foods or used as supplements in the nutraceutical industry.
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spelling doaj.art-53e0734f0c184720855047dff49d9f9d2023-11-17T20:40:57ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-04-01288357310.3390/molecules28083573Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation MethodAli Rashidinejad0Matthijs Nieuwkoop1Harjinder Singh2Geoffrey B. Jameson3Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandIn this study, sodium caseinate (NaCas), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI) were used as structural materials for the delivery of rutin, naringenin, curcumin, hesperidin, and catechin. For each polyphenol, the protein solution was brought to alkaline pH, and then the polyphenol and trehalose (as a cryo-protectant) were added. The mixtures were later acidified, and the co-precipitated products were lyophilized. Regardless of the type of protein used, the co-precipitation method exhibited relatively high entrapment efficiency and loading capacity for all five polyphenols. Several structural changes were seen in the scanning electron micrographs of all polyphenol–protein co-precipitates. This included a significant decrease in the crystallinity of the polyphenols, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, where amorphous structures of rutin, naringenin, curcumin, hesperidin, and catechin were revealed after the treatment. Both the dispersibility and solubility of the lyophilized powders in water were improved dramatically (in some cases, >10-fold) after the treatment, with further improvements observed in these properties for the powders containing trehalose. Depending on the chemical structure and hydrophobicity of the tested polyphenols, there were differences observed in the degree and extent of the effect of the protein on different properties of the polyphenols. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that NaCas, WPI, and SPI can be used for the development of an efficient delivery system for hydrophobic polyphenols, which in turn can be incorporated into various functional foods or used as supplements in the nutraceutical industry.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3573bioactive deliveryfood-grade proteinspolyphenolshydrophobic polyphenolspolyphenol–protein co-precipitationfunctional foods
spellingShingle Ali Rashidinejad
Matthijs Nieuwkoop
Harjinder Singh
Geoffrey B. Jameson
Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method
Molecules
bioactive delivery
food-grade proteins
polyphenols
hydrophobic polyphenols
polyphenol–protein co-precipitation
functional foods
title Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method
title_full Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method
title_fullStr Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method
title_short Assessment of Various Food Proteins as Structural Materials for Delivery of Hydrophobic Polyphenols Using a Novel Co-Precipitation Method
title_sort assessment of various food proteins as structural materials for delivery of hydrophobic polyphenols using a novel co precipitation method
topic bioactive delivery
food-grade proteins
polyphenols
hydrophobic polyphenols
polyphenol–protein co-precipitation
functional foods
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3573
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