mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2
Abstract Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders due to their profound immunomodulatory properties. However, the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs needs activation by an inflammatory microenvironment, which ma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13287-017-0744-6 |
| _version_ | 1831762474016178176 |
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| author | Binsheng Wang Yu Lin Yongxian Hu Wei Shan Senquan Liu Yulin Xu Hao Zhang Shuyang Cai Xiaohong Yu Zhen Cai He Huang |
| author_facet | Binsheng Wang Yu Lin Yongxian Hu Wei Shan Senquan Liu Yulin Xu Hao Zhang Shuyang Cai Xiaohong Yu Zhen Cai He Huang |
| author_sort | Binsheng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders due to their profound immunomodulatory properties. However, the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs needs activation by an inflammatory microenvironment, which may negatively impact the therapeutic effect because of increased immunogenicity. Here we explore the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling on the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs, and its impact on immunogenicity in the inflammatory microenvironment. Methods Human bone marrow MSCs were cocultured with activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4+ T cells, and mouse splenocytes to evaluate the immunosuppressive function. Immunosuppressive factors were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was detected by flow cytometry. Short hairpin (sh)RNA was used to downregulate tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, TSC1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in MSCs. Results Inhibition of mTOR signaling using rapamycin enhanced the immunosuppressive functions of MSCs, while prolonged exposure to rapamycin did not. The enhancement of the immunosuppressive function was independent of the inflammatory microenvironment, and occurred mainly through the upregulation of COX-2 and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) expression. Furthermore, mTOR inhibition did not impact the immunogenicity of MSCs. However, the upregulated expression of MHC class II molecules by interferon (IFN)-γ was attenuated by mTOR inhibition, whereas TSC2 knockdown had the opposite effect. Conclusions These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway regulates MSC immunobiology, and short-term exposure to rapamycin could be a novel approach to improve the MSC-based therapeutic effect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:07:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54c7cae7fb4d42579d93402e53a2b294 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-6512 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:07:31Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-54c7cae7fb4d42579d93402e53a2b2942022-12-21T18:38:04ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122017-12-018111310.1186/s13287-017-0744-6mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2Binsheng Wang0Yu Lin1Yongxian Hu2Wei Shan3Senquan Liu4Yulin Xu5Hao Zhang6Shuyang Cai7Xiaohong Yu8Zhen Cai9He Huang10Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityBone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders due to their profound immunomodulatory properties. However, the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs needs activation by an inflammatory microenvironment, which may negatively impact the therapeutic effect because of increased immunogenicity. Here we explore the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling on the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs, and its impact on immunogenicity in the inflammatory microenvironment. Methods Human bone marrow MSCs were cocultured with activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4+ T cells, and mouse splenocytes to evaluate the immunosuppressive function. Immunosuppressive factors were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was detected by flow cytometry. Short hairpin (sh)RNA was used to downregulate tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, TSC1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in MSCs. Results Inhibition of mTOR signaling using rapamycin enhanced the immunosuppressive functions of MSCs, while prolonged exposure to rapamycin did not. The enhancement of the immunosuppressive function was independent of the inflammatory microenvironment, and occurred mainly through the upregulation of COX-2 and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) expression. Furthermore, mTOR inhibition did not impact the immunogenicity of MSCs. However, the upregulated expression of MHC class II molecules by interferon (IFN)-γ was attenuated by mTOR inhibition, whereas TSC2 knockdown had the opposite effect. Conclusions These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway regulates MSC immunobiology, and short-term exposure to rapamycin could be a novel approach to improve the MSC-based therapeutic effect.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13287-017-0744-6Mesenchymal stem cellsImmunosuppressive propertiesImmunogenicityTSC-mTOR pathwayRapamycin |
| spellingShingle | Binsheng Wang Yu Lin Yongxian Hu Wei Shan Senquan Liu Yulin Xu Hao Zhang Shuyang Cai Xiaohong Yu Zhen Cai He Huang mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2 Stem Cell Research & Therapy Mesenchymal stem cells Immunosuppressive properties Immunogenicity TSC-mTOR pathway Rapamycin |
| title | mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2 |
| title_full | mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2 |
| title_fullStr | mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2 |
| title_short | mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE2 |
| title_sort | mtor inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing cox 2 and pge2 |
| topic | Mesenchymal stem cells Immunosuppressive properties Immunogenicity TSC-mTOR pathway Rapamycin |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13287-017-0744-6 |
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