| Summary: | <i>Salmonella</i> is the leading cause of food-borne zoonotic disease worldwide. Non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes are the primary etiological agents associated with salmonellosis in poultry. Contaminated poultry eggs and meat products are the major sources of human <i>Salmonella</i> infection. Horizontal and vertical transmission are the primary routes of infection in chickens. The principal virulence genes linked to <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenesis in poultry are located in <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are involved in the defense against <i>Salmonella</i> invasion in poultry. Vaccination of chickens and supplementation of feed additives like prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and bacteriophages are currently being used to mitigate the <i>Salmonella</i> load in poultry. Despite the existence of various control measures, there is still a need for a broad, safe, and well-defined strategy that can confer long-term protection from <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry flocks. This review examines the current knowledge on the etiology, transmission, cell wall structure, nomenclature, pathogenesis, immune response, and efficacy of preventative approaches to <i>Salmonella</i>.
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