Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer
Epigenetic modes of gene regulation are important for physiological conditions and its aberrant changes can lead to disease like cancer. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) catalyzed by Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes. 5hmC is considered to be a demeth...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Epigenomes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/1/3/19 |
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| author | Vittal Rangan Arvinden Arunagiri Kuha Deva Magendhra Rao Thangarajan Rajkumar Samson Mani |
| author_facet | Vittal Rangan Arvinden Arunagiri Kuha Deva Magendhra Rao Thangarajan Rajkumar Samson Mani |
| author_sort | Vittal Rangan Arvinden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epigenetic modes of gene regulation are important for physiological conditions and its aberrant changes can lead to disease like cancer. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) catalyzed by Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes. 5hmC is considered to be a demethylation intermediate and is emerging as a stable and functional base modification. The global loss of 5hmC level is commonly observed in cancers and tumorigenic germline mutations in IDH, SDH and FH are found to be inhibiting TET activity. Although a global loss of 5hmC is characteristic in cancers, locus-specific 5hmC gain implicates selective gene expression control. The definitive role of 5hmC as a tumor suppressing or promoting modification can be deduced by identifying locus-specific 5hmC modification in different types of cancer. Determining the genes carrying 5hmC modifications and its selective variation will open up new therapeutic targets. This review outlines the role of global and locus-specific changes of 5hmC in cancers and the possible mechanisms underlying such changes. We have described major cellular factors that influence 5hmC levels and highlighted the significance of 5hmC in tumor micro environmental condition like hypoxia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:19:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-58414823aa6f4c1ea99d203868d4ef76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:19:02Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Epigenomes |
| spelling | doaj.art-58414823aa6f4c1ea99d203868d4ef762023-08-02T05:20:02ZengMDPI AGEpigenomes2075-46552017-11-01131910.3390/epigenomes1030019epigenomes1030019Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in CancerVittal Rangan Arvinden0Arunagiri Kuha Deva Magendhra Rao1Thangarajan Rajkumar2Samson Mani3Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600036, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600036, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600036, IndiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600036, IndiaEpigenetic modes of gene regulation are important for physiological conditions and its aberrant changes can lead to disease like cancer. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) catalyzed by Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes. 5hmC is considered to be a demethylation intermediate and is emerging as a stable and functional base modification. The global loss of 5hmC level is commonly observed in cancers and tumorigenic germline mutations in IDH, SDH and FH are found to be inhibiting TET activity. Although a global loss of 5hmC is characteristic in cancers, locus-specific 5hmC gain implicates selective gene expression control. The definitive role of 5hmC as a tumor suppressing or promoting modification can be deduced by identifying locus-specific 5hmC modification in different types of cancer. Determining the genes carrying 5hmC modifications and its selective variation will open up new therapeutic targets. This review outlines the role of global and locus-specific changes of 5hmC in cancers and the possible mechanisms underlying such changes. We have described major cellular factors that influence 5hmC levels and highlighted the significance of 5hmC in tumor micro environmental condition like hypoxia.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/1/3/195-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)cancer epigeneticsfactors affecting 5hmC5hmC regulation in cancerTen Eleven Translocation (TET) |
| spellingShingle | Vittal Rangan Arvinden Arunagiri Kuha Deva Magendhra Rao Thangarajan Rajkumar Samson Mani Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer Epigenomes 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) cancer epigenetics factors affecting 5hmC 5hmC regulation in cancer Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) |
| title | Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer |
| title_full | Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer |
| title_short | Regulation and Functional Significance of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Cancer |
| title_sort | regulation and functional significance of 5 hydroxymethylcytosine in cancer |
| topic | 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) cancer epigenetics factors affecting 5hmC 5hmC regulation in cancer Ten Eleven Translocation (TET) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4655/1/3/19 |
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