A Comprehensive Societal Energy Return on Investment Study of Portugal Reveals a Low but Stable Value

Energy return on investment (EROI) is a ratio of the energy obtained in relation to the energy used to extract/produce it. The EROI of fossil fuels is globally decreasing. What do the declining EROIs of energy sources imply for society as a whole? We answer this question by proposing a novel EROI me...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marco Vittorio Ecclesia, João Santos, Paul E. Brockway, Tiago Domingos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-05-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3549