Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial
We assessed the effect of a dietary pattern rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), protein and fibers, without emphasizing energy restriction, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk profile. Within the 36-months randomized controlled NutriAct trial, we randomly assigned 502 partic...
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/1057 |
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| author | Nina Marie Tosca Meyer Anne Pohrt Charlotte Wernicke Laura Pletsch-Borba Konstantina Apostolopoulou Linus Haberbosch Jürgen Machann Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer Joachim Spranger Knut Mai |
| author_facet | Nina Marie Tosca Meyer Anne Pohrt Charlotte Wernicke Laura Pletsch-Borba Konstantina Apostolopoulou Linus Haberbosch Jürgen Machann Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer Joachim Spranger Knut Mai |
| author_sort | Nina Marie Tosca Meyer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We assessed the effect of a dietary pattern rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), protein and fibers, without emphasizing energy restriction, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk profile. Within the 36-months randomized controlled NutriAct trial, we randomly assigned 502 participants (50–80 years) to an intervention or control group (IG, CG). The dietary pattern of the IG includes high intake of mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA 15–20% E/10–15% E), predominantly plant protein (15–25% E) and fiber (≥30 g/day). The CG followed usual care with intake of 30% E fat, 55% E carbohydrates and 15% E protein. Here, we analyzed VAT in a subgroup of 300 participants via MRI at baseline and after 12 months, and performed further metabolic phenotyping. A small but comparable BMI reduction was seen in both groups (mean difference IG vs. CG: −0.216 kg/m<sup>2</sup> [−0.477; 0.045], partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.009, <i>p</i> = 0.105). VAT significantly decreased in the IG but remained unchanged in the CG (mean difference IG vs. CG: −0.162 L [−0.314; −0.011], partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.015, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Change in VAT was mediated by an increase in PUFA intake (ß = −0.03, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and induced a decline in LDL cholesterol (ß = 0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.038). The NutriAct dietary pattern, particularly due to high PUFA content, effectively reduces VAT and cardiometabolic risk markers, independent of body weight loss. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:50Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-59ca72a771bd444abff7b7ebc024a9882024-04-12T13:24:29ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-04-01167105710.3390/nu16071057Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct TrialNina Marie Tosca Meyer0Anne Pohrt1Charlotte Wernicke2Laura Pletsch-Borba3Konstantina Apostolopoulou4Linus Haberbosch5Jürgen Machann6Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer7Joachim Spranger8Knut Mai9Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, GermanyWe assessed the effect of a dietary pattern rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), protein and fibers, without emphasizing energy restriction, on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cardiometabolic risk profile. Within the 36-months randomized controlled NutriAct trial, we randomly assigned 502 participants (50–80 years) to an intervention or control group (IG, CG). The dietary pattern of the IG includes high intake of mono-/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA 15–20% E/10–15% E), predominantly plant protein (15–25% E) and fiber (≥30 g/day). The CG followed usual care with intake of 30% E fat, 55% E carbohydrates and 15% E protein. Here, we analyzed VAT in a subgroup of 300 participants via MRI at baseline and after 12 months, and performed further metabolic phenotyping. A small but comparable BMI reduction was seen in both groups (mean difference IG vs. CG: −0.216 kg/m<sup>2</sup> [−0.477; 0.045], partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.009, <i>p</i> = 0.105). VAT significantly decreased in the IG but remained unchanged in the CG (mean difference IG vs. CG: −0.162 L [−0.314; −0.011], partial η<sup>2</sup> = 0.015, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Change in VAT was mediated by an increase in PUFA intake (ß = −0.03, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and induced a decline in LDL cholesterol (ß = 0.11, <i>p</i> = 0.038). The NutriAct dietary pattern, particularly due to high PUFA content, effectively reduces VAT and cardiometabolic risk markers, independent of body weight loss.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/1057visceral adipose tissuepolyunsaturated fatty acidNutriActhealthy agingLDL cholesterol |
| spellingShingle | Nina Marie Tosca Meyer Anne Pohrt Charlotte Wernicke Laura Pletsch-Borba Konstantina Apostolopoulou Linus Haberbosch Jürgen Machann Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer Joachim Spranger Knut Mai Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial Nutrients visceral adipose tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid NutriAct healthy aging LDL cholesterol |
| title | Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial |
| title_full | Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial |
| title_fullStr | Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial |
| title_short | Improvement in Visceral Adipose Tissue and LDL Cholesterol by High PUFA Intake: 1-Year Results of the NutriAct Trial |
| title_sort | improvement in visceral adipose tissue and ldl cholesterol by high pufa intake 1 year results of the nutriact trial |
| topic | visceral adipose tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid NutriAct healthy aging LDL cholesterol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/1057 |
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