Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans
While the consumption of seaweed and seaweed-based products is very common amongst East Asian nations, forming a notable component of the daily diet, relatively very few studies have concerned the concentrations of heavy metals in these together with potential effects on human health. The present st...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/381 |
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| author | Mayeen Uddin Khandaker Nwokoma Oliver Chijioke Nurul’ Adillah Binti Heffny David A. Bradley Abdullah Alsubaie Abdelmoneim Sulieman Mohammad Rashed I. Faruque M. I. Sayyed K. S. Al-mugren |
| author_facet | Mayeen Uddin Khandaker Nwokoma Oliver Chijioke Nurul’ Adillah Binti Heffny David A. Bradley Abdullah Alsubaie Abdelmoneim Sulieman Mohammad Rashed I. Faruque M. I. Sayyed K. S. Al-mugren |
| author_sort | Mayeen Uddin Khandaker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While the consumption of seaweed and seaweed-based products is very common amongst East Asian nations, forming a notable component of the daily diet, relatively very few studies have concerned the concentrations of heavy metals in these together with potential effects on human health. The present study analyses the concentrations of 17 elements in locally resourced seaweed, also assessing potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The samples were ground, homogenized, and quantified using the ICP-OES technique. It has been found that the essential elements K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Na typically show concentrations somewhat greater than a number of potentially toxic metals, in particular, Cd, Pb, Ag, and As, with exceptions being Ni, Cr-VI, and Si. Statistical analysis indicates all of the latter to have similar origin, with increased concentration of these metals within the marine ecosystem. While the daily estimated intake of most metals is seen to be within the daily dietary allowance level recommended by various international organizations, the noncarcinogenic risk shows a value greater than unity, estimated via the hazard quotient. This indicates a potential for adverse effects to health arising from consumption of the sampled seaweed. The carcinogenic risk resulting from nonessential elements shows values greater than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) reference limit of 10<sup>−4</sup>. Considering the nonbiodegradability of heavy metals and metalloids and their potential accumulation in seaweed, there is need for critical examination of metal levels in the seaweeds obtained from the present study locations, together with the introduction of practices of removal of heavy metals via bio-adsorbent techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:48:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5a59742b0a9f499da691ffd2007a9a03 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:48:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-5a59742b0a9f499da691ffd2007a9a032023-12-03T13:12:51ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-02-0110238110.3390/foods10020381Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to HumansMayeen Uddin Khandaker0Nwokoma Oliver Chijioke1Nurul’ Adillah Binti Heffny2David A. Bradley3Abdullah Alsubaie4Abdelmoneim Sulieman5Mohammad Rashed I. Faruque6M. I. Sayyed7K. S. Al-mugren8Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, MalaysiaCentre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaCentre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, College of Khurma, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaSpace Science Centre (ANGKASA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, JordanDepartment of Physics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11144, Saudi ArabiaWhile the consumption of seaweed and seaweed-based products is very common amongst East Asian nations, forming a notable component of the daily diet, relatively very few studies have concerned the concentrations of heavy metals in these together with potential effects on human health. The present study analyses the concentrations of 17 elements in locally resourced seaweed, also assessing potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The samples were ground, homogenized, and quantified using the ICP-OES technique. It has been found that the essential elements K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Na typically show concentrations somewhat greater than a number of potentially toxic metals, in particular, Cd, Pb, Ag, and As, with exceptions being Ni, Cr-VI, and Si. Statistical analysis indicates all of the latter to have similar origin, with increased concentration of these metals within the marine ecosystem. While the daily estimated intake of most metals is seen to be within the daily dietary allowance level recommended by various international organizations, the noncarcinogenic risk shows a value greater than unity, estimated via the hazard quotient. This indicates a potential for adverse effects to health arising from consumption of the sampled seaweed. The carcinogenic risk resulting from nonessential elements shows values greater than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) reference limit of 10<sup>−4</sup>. Considering the nonbiodegradability of heavy metals and metalloids and their potential accumulation in seaweed, there is need for critical examination of metal levels in the seaweeds obtained from the present study locations, together with the introduction of practices of removal of heavy metals via bio-adsorbent techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/381seaweedsICP-OESmetal(loids)marine pollutionnon-carcinogenic &carcinogenic risks |
| spellingShingle | Mayeen Uddin Khandaker Nwokoma Oliver Chijioke Nurul’ Adillah Binti Heffny David A. Bradley Abdullah Alsubaie Abdelmoneim Sulieman Mohammad Rashed I. Faruque M. I. Sayyed K. S. Al-mugren Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans Foods seaweeds ICP-OES metal(loids) marine pollution non-carcinogenic & carcinogenic risks |
| title | Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans |
| title_full | Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans |
| title_fullStr | Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans |
| title_short | Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans |
| title_sort | elevated concentrations of metal loids in seaweed and the concomitant exposure to humans |
| topic | seaweeds ICP-OES metal(loids) marine pollution non-carcinogenic & carcinogenic risks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/381 |
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