Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bone metastasis: Clinical challenges, toxicities, and mechanisms

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bone metastasis: Clinical challenges, toxicities, and mechanisms

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the field of anti-cancer therapy over the last decade; they provide durable clinical responses against tumors by inhibiting immune checkpoint proteins that canonically regulate the T cell-mediated immune response. Despite their success in many...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gwenyth J. Joseph, Douglas B. Johnson, Rachelle W. Johnson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-12-01
Series:Journal of Bone Oncology
Subjects:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Bone metastasis
PD-1
PD-L1
CTLA-4
Fracture
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137423000386

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212137423000386

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