PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in pulmonary carcinoid tumors and their association to tumor spread

Pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors are rare tumors that account for approximately 1% of all lung cancers. The primary treatment option is surgery, while there is no standard treatment for metastatic disease. As the number of PCs diagnosed yearly is increasing, there is a need to establish novel therape...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tiina Vesterinen, Teijo Kuopio, Maarit Ahtiainen, Aija Knuuttila, Harri Mustonen, Kaisa Salmenkivi, Johanna Arola, Caj Haglund
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bioscientifica 2019-08-01
Series:Endocrine Connections
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/8/EC-19-0308.xml