Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion
This study deals with the evaluation of the bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from heat-treated skim goat-milk powder fortified with grape-pomace-seed extract, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode arr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2164 |
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| author | Danijel D. Milinčić Nemanja S. Stanisavljević Aleksandar Ž. Kostić Uroš M. Gašić Slađana P. Stanojević Živoslav Lj. Tešić Mirjana B. Pešić |
| author_facet | Danijel D. Milinčić Nemanja S. Stanisavljević Aleksandar Ž. Kostić Uroš M. Gašić Slađana P. Stanojević Živoslav Lj. Tešić Mirjana B. Pešić |
| author_sort | Danijel D. Milinčić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study deals with the evaluation of the bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from heat-treated skim goat-milk powder fortified with grape-pomace-seed extract, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS) analysis confirmed the abundant presence of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols in the grape-pomace-seed extract (SE) and heat-treated skim goat-milk/seed-extract powder (TME). After in vitro digestion of TME powder and recovery of total quantified phenolics, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids were 18.11%, 24.54%, and 1.17%, respectively. Low recovery of grape-pomace-seed phenolics indicated strong milk protein–phenolic interactions. Electrophoretic analysis of a soluble fraction of digested heat-treated skim goat milk (TM) and TME samples showed the absence of bands originating from milk proteins, indicating their hydrolysis during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The digested TME sample had better antioxidant properties in comparison to the digested TM sample (except for the ferrous ion-chelating capacity, FCC), due to the presence of bioaccessible phenolics. Taking into account the contribution of the digestive cocktail, digested TME sample had lower values of total phenolic content (TPC), in vitro phosphomolybdenum reducing capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power (FRP), compared to the undigested TME sample. These results could be attributed to low recovery of phenolic compounds. TME powder could be a good carrier of phenolics to the colon; thus, TME powder could be a promising ingredient in the formulation of functional food. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:19:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5d9757740995401b8ec97abd5ad883f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:19:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5d9757740995401b8ec97abd5ad883f92023-11-24T03:30:14ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-10-011111216410.3390/antiox11112164Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal DigestionDanijel D. Milinčić0Nemanja S. Stanisavljević1Aleksandar Ž. Kostić2Uroš M. Gašić3Slađana P. Stanojević4Živoslav Lj. Tešić5Mirjana B. Pešić6Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaThis study deals with the evaluation of the bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from heat-treated skim goat-milk powder fortified with grape-pomace-seed extract, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD MS/MS) analysis confirmed the abundant presence of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols in the grape-pomace-seed extract (SE) and heat-treated skim goat-milk/seed-extract powder (TME). After in vitro digestion of TME powder and recovery of total quantified phenolics, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids were 18.11%, 24.54%, and 1.17%, respectively. Low recovery of grape-pomace-seed phenolics indicated strong milk protein–phenolic interactions. Electrophoretic analysis of a soluble fraction of digested heat-treated skim goat milk (TM) and TME samples showed the absence of bands originating from milk proteins, indicating their hydrolysis during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The digested TME sample had better antioxidant properties in comparison to the digested TM sample (except for the ferrous ion-chelating capacity, FCC), due to the presence of bioaccessible phenolics. Taking into account the contribution of the digestive cocktail, digested TME sample had lower values of total phenolic content (TPC), in vitro phosphomolybdenum reducing capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power (FRP), compared to the undigested TME sample. These results could be attributed to low recovery of phenolic compounds. TME powder could be a good carrier of phenolics to the colon; thus, TME powder could be a promising ingredient in the formulation of functional food.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2164pomace seed phenolicsgoat milkin vitro gastrointestinal digestionphenolics-protein interactionantioxidant propertiesphenolics recovery |
| spellingShingle | Danijel D. Milinčić Nemanja S. Stanisavljević Aleksandar Ž. Kostić Uroš M. Gašić Slađana P. Stanojević Živoslav Lj. Tešić Mirjana B. Pešić Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Antioxidants pomace seed phenolics goat milk in vitro gastrointestinal digestion phenolics-protein interaction antioxidant properties phenolics recovery |
| title | Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion |
| title_full | Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion |
| title_fullStr | Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion |
| title_short | Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Goat-Milk Powder Fortified with Grape-Pomace-Seed Extract after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion |
| title_sort | bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of goat milk powder fortified with grape pomace seed extract after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion |
| topic | pomace seed phenolics goat milk in vitro gastrointestinal digestion phenolics-protein interaction antioxidant properties phenolics recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2164 |
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