Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) belongs to the high-resolution surface morphology investigation methods. Since it can, in many cases, be applied in air, samples can more easily be inspected than by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, several special modes exist which enable examination...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Technologies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/11/2/56 |
| _version_ | 1797603358097276928 |
|---|---|
| author | Enrico Werner Uwe Güth Bennet Brockhagen Christoph Döpke Andrea Ehrmann |
| author_facet | Enrico Werner Uwe Güth Bennet Brockhagen Christoph Döpke Andrea Ehrmann |
| author_sort | Enrico Werner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atomic force microscopy (AFM) belongs to the high-resolution surface morphology investigation methods. Since it can, in many cases, be applied in air, samples can more easily be inspected than by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, several special modes exist which enable examination of the mechanical and other physical parameters of the specimen, such as friction, adhesion between tip and sample, elastic modulus, etc. In tapping mode, e.g., phase imaging can be used to qualitatively distinguish between different materials on the surface. This is especially interesting for polymers, for which the evaluation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is mostly irrelevant. Here we give an overview of phase imaging experiments on different filaments used for 3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Furthermore, the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), especially different poly(lactide acids) (PLAs) with special features, such as thermochromic or photochromic properties, are investigated and compared with SEM images. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:29:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5db23c6fbb504140b6034d193912d20e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7080 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:29:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Technologies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5db23c6fbb504140b6034d193912d20e2023-11-17T21:36:09ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802023-04-011125610.3390/technologies11020056Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase ImagesEnrico Werner0Uwe Güth1Bennet Brockhagen2Christoph Döpke3Andrea Ehrmann4Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, GermanyDepartment of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry (PC III), Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, GermanyFaculty of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, GermanyFaculty of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, GermanyFaculty of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, GermanyAtomic force microscopy (AFM) belongs to the high-resolution surface morphology investigation methods. Since it can, in many cases, be applied in air, samples can more easily be inspected than by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, several special modes exist which enable examination of the mechanical and other physical parameters of the specimen, such as friction, adhesion between tip and sample, elastic modulus, etc. In tapping mode, e.g., phase imaging can be used to qualitatively distinguish between different materials on the surface. This is especially interesting for polymers, for which the evaluation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is mostly irrelevant. Here we give an overview of phase imaging experiments on different filaments used for 3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Furthermore, the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), especially different poly(lactide acids) (PLAs) with special features, such as thermochromic or photochromic properties, are investigated and compared with SEM images.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/11/2/56atomic force microscopy (AFM)acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)poly(lactic acid) (PLA)fused deposition modeling (FDM)additive manufacturingpolymer blends |
| spellingShingle | Enrico Werner Uwe Güth Bennet Brockhagen Christoph Döpke Andrea Ehrmann Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images Technologies atomic force microscopy (AFM) acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing polymer blends |
| title | Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images |
| title_full | Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images |
| title_fullStr | Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images |
| title_full_unstemmed | Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images |
| title_short | Examination of Polymer Blends by AFM Phase Images |
| title_sort | examination of polymer blends by afm phase images |
| topic | atomic force microscopy (AFM) acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing polymer blends |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/11/2/56 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT enricowerner examinationofpolymerblendsbyafmphaseimages AT uweguth examinationofpolymerblendsbyafmphaseimages AT bennetbrockhagen examinationofpolymerblendsbyafmphaseimages AT christophdopke examinationofpolymerblendsbyafmphaseimages AT andreaehrmann examinationofpolymerblendsbyafmphaseimages |