Inappropriate Expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoints in Myeloma Patients Is More Pronounced at Diagnosis: Implications for Time to Progression and Response to Therapeutic Checkpoint Inhibitors

Inappropriate Expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoints in Myeloma Patients Is More Pronounced at Diagnosis: Implications for Time to Progression and Response to Therapeutic Checkpoint Inhibitors

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by severely profound immune dysfunction. Therefore, the efficacy of drugs targeting the immune environments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), is of high clinical importance. However, several clinical trials evaluating ICIs i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Anna Kulikowska de Nałęcz, Lidia Ciszak, Lidia Usnarska-Zubkiewicz, Edyta Pawlak, Irena Frydecka, Magdalena Szmyrka, Agata Kosmaczewska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-03-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
multiple myeloma
PD-1
CTLA-4
immune checkpoint inhibitors
time to progression
clinical response
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5730

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https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5730

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