Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells
This study aims to investigate the effects of kimchi made with organic ingredients and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starters (<i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> + <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>) on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Four types of kimchi (standard kimchi...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6654 |
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| author | Yeon-Jun Lee Yanni Pan Kyu-Bum Kwack Ji Hyung Chung Kun-Young Park |
| author_facet | Yeon-Jun Lee Yanni Pan Kyu-Bum Kwack Ji Hyung Chung Kun-Young Park |
| author_sort | Yeon-Jun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to investigate the effects of kimchi made with organic ingredients and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starters (<i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> + <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>) on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Four types of kimchi (standard kimchi (SK), commercial kimchi (CK), anticancer kimchi (AK), and organic anticancer kimchi (OAK)) were evaluated. The results show that, among the different types of kimchi studied, OAK presents high DPPH free-radical scavenging activity and total phenol and flavonoid contents, and the MTT assay shows that the growth inhibition rate against HT-29 cancer cells is the highest. In addition, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results show that, compared to SK and CK, AK and OAK can effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulate the mRNA expression of the cell cycle arrest genes p21 and p53; pro-apoptotic genes Bim, Bak, and Bad; and genes for caspases 3 9. Subsequently, a Western blot test confirmed that the expression of Bcl-2 decreased and the expressions of p53, Bax, and caspases 3 and 9 increased in OAK. The abovementioned results indicate that the anticancer kimchi prepared with organic ingredients and starters of lactic acid bacteria effectively present the best antioxidant activity and inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:11:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e7859d0b85b4b5aa8c208e0cc99ea55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:11:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e7859d0b85b4b5aa8c208e0cc99ea552023-11-18T07:34:57ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-011311665410.3390/app13116654Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer CellsYeon-Jun Lee0Yanni Pan1Kyu-Bum Kwack2Ji Hyung Chung3Kun-Young Park4Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of KoreaChongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, ChinaThis study aims to investigate the effects of kimchi made with organic ingredients and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starters (<i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> + <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>) on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Four types of kimchi (standard kimchi (SK), commercial kimchi (CK), anticancer kimchi (AK), and organic anticancer kimchi (OAK)) were evaluated. The results show that, among the different types of kimchi studied, OAK presents high DPPH free-radical scavenging activity and total phenol and flavonoid contents, and the MTT assay shows that the growth inhibition rate against HT-29 cancer cells is the highest. In addition, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results show that, compared to SK and CK, AK and OAK can effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulate the mRNA expression of the cell cycle arrest genes p21 and p53; pro-apoptotic genes Bim, Bak, and Bad; and genes for caspases 3 9. Subsequently, a Western blot test confirmed that the expression of Bcl-2 decreased and the expressions of p53, Bax, and caspases 3 and 9 increased in OAK. The abovementioned results indicate that the anticancer kimchi prepared with organic ingredients and starters of lactic acid bacteria effectively present the best antioxidant activity and inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6654kimchilactic acid bacteriaorganic ingredientsHT-29 cancer cellsapoptosiscell cycle arrest |
| spellingShingle | Yeon-Jun Lee Yanni Pan Kyu-Bum Kwack Ji Hyung Chung Kun-Young Park Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells Applied Sciences kimchi lactic acid bacteria organic ingredients HT-29 cancer cells apoptosis cell cycle arrest |
| title | Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | increased anticancer activity of organic kimchi with starters demonstrated in ht 29 cancer cells |
| topic | kimchi lactic acid bacteria organic ingredients HT-29 cancer cells apoptosis cell cycle arrest |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/11/6654 |
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