Juvenile African Clawed Frogs (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) Express Growth, Metamorphosis, Mortality, Gene Expression, and Metabolic Changes When Exposed to Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin

Juvenile African Clawed Frogs (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) Express Growth, Metamorphosis, Mortality, Gene Expression, and Metabolic Changes When Exposed to Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin

Neonicotinoids (NEO) represent the main class of insecticides currently in use, with thiamethoxam (THX) and clothianidin (CLO) primarily applied agriculturally. With few comprehensive studies having been performed with non-target amphibians, the aim was to investigate potential biomarker responses a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jill A. Jenkins, Katherine R. Hartop, Ghadeer Bukhari, Debra E. Howton, Kelly L. Smalling, Scott V. Mize, Michelle L. Hladik, Darren Johnson, Rassa O. Draugelis-Dale, Bonnie L. Brown
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
<i>Xenopus laevis</i>
metamorphosis
neonicotinoids
liver enzymes
gene expression
biomarkers
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13291

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13291

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