A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use
During chronic infections, a distinct physiological condition named “exhaustion” arises that is associated with the dysfunctionality in immune cells and their eventual removal from the environment, which evidently help the progress of infection or tumors in human or animal bodies. This state of imm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Acta Medica Iranica |
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| Online Access: | https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9625 |
| _version_ | 1797840407473684480 |
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| author | Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi Mina Masoudnia Haniye Bakhshi Arsalan Jalili Nasser Aghdami |
| author_facet | Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi Mina Masoudnia Haniye Bakhshi Arsalan Jalili Nasser Aghdami |
| author_sort | Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
During chronic infections, a distinct physiological condition named “exhaustion” arises that is associated with the dysfunctionality in immune cells and their eventual removal from the environment, which evidently help the progress of infection or tumors in human or animal bodies. This state of immune cells could be under the control of different elements such as the antigen load, help from inhibitory cells, lack of costimulatory signals and etc. Exhaustion that has been found in different immune system cells, is usually accompanied by impaired effector function and proliferation of immune cells, poor memory recall, upregulation of inhibitory molecules, compromised metabolism and altered transcription program, and is considered a reversible process, unlike other physiological states like anergy or senescence, organized through the blockage of several factors. Although the emergence of these cells in viral infections and cancer is an undesirable event, the importance of the presence of exhausted cells in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation is highlighted as a positive change. In this review, we aimed to determine the occurrence of this process in different immune cells, the characteristics obtained by these cells, effective and primitive factors on exhaustion, metabolic and transcriptional cell changes, and the use of these cells in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:14:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f19c87055d44c03a2ad256981b54ffc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0044-6025 1735-9694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:14:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Medica Iranica |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f19c87055d44c03a2ad256981b54ffc2023-04-24T06:39:17ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesActa Medica Iranica0044-60251735-96942023-04-01612A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical UseAmin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi0Mina Masoudnia1Haniye Bakhshi2Arsalan Jalili3Nasser Aghdami4Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Research, Cytotech and Bioinformatics Research Group, Tehran, IranDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. AND Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran . AND Department of Research, Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran .Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran During chronic infections, a distinct physiological condition named “exhaustion” arises that is associated with the dysfunctionality in immune cells and their eventual removal from the environment, which evidently help the progress of infection or tumors in human or animal bodies. This state of immune cells could be under the control of different elements such as the antigen load, help from inhibitory cells, lack of costimulatory signals and etc. Exhaustion that has been found in different immune system cells, is usually accompanied by impaired effector function and proliferation of immune cells, poor memory recall, upregulation of inhibitory molecules, compromised metabolism and altered transcription program, and is considered a reversible process, unlike other physiological states like anergy or senescence, organized through the blockage of several factors. Although the emergence of these cells in viral infections and cancer is an undesirable event, the importance of the presence of exhausted cells in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation is highlighted as a positive change. In this review, we aimed to determine the occurrence of this process in different immune cells, the characteristics obtained by these cells, effective and primitive factors on exhaustion, metabolic and transcriptional cell changes, and the use of these cells in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9625T cell exhaustionNK cellB cellChronic infectionCancerImmune checkpoint |
| spellingShingle | Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi Mina Masoudnia Haniye Bakhshi Arsalan Jalili Nasser Aghdami A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use Acta Medica Iranica T cell exhaustion NK cell B cell Chronic infection Cancer Immune checkpoint |
| title | A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Review on T Cells, B Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Dendritic Cells Exhaustion: From Main Concepts to Clinical Use |
| title_sort | comprehensive review on t cells b cells natural killer cells and dendritic cells exhaustion from main concepts to clinical use |
| topic | T cell exhaustion NK cell B cell Chronic infection Cancer Immune checkpoint |
| url | https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta/article/view/9625 |
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