An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance
This paper introduces an advanced grayscale-invariant authentication method for color images. Prior work directly utilizes the most significant bits (MSBs) of the red and blue channels for authentication code generation and embeds these codes into the least significant bits (LSBs). Concurrently, the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131915782300280X |
| _version_ | 1797629736079327232 |
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| author | Xiaoyu Zhou Wien Hong Guangsong Yang Tung-Shou Chen Jeanne Chen |
| author_facet | Xiaoyu Zhou Wien Hong Guangsong Yang Tung-Shou Chen Jeanne Chen |
| author_sort | Xiaoyu Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper introduces an advanced grayscale-invariant authentication method for color images. Prior work directly utilizes the most significant bits (MSBs) of the red and blue channels for authentication code generation and embeds these codes into the least significant bits (LSBs). Concurrently, the green channel is adjusted to sustain consistent grayscale values. However, this direct utilization of MSBs often leads to a decline in image quality and results in a significant number of unsolvable pixels. To address these challenges, we present a new approach specifically designed to combat the deterioration of image quality and the prevalence of unsolvable pixels. In our method, we propose the MSB alteration (MSBA) technique, which modifies the MSBs of the red and blue channels to generate authentication codes with minimal distortion. This technique effectively reduces image distortion and the number of unsolvable pixels. Furthermore, we introduce the pixel substitution strategy (PSS) and the constraint-reduced strategy (CRS) to enhance the embedding efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms prior work by converting more unsolvable pixels to solvable ones and achieving better detection results. Moreover, our method enhances image quality by approximately 1.5 dB, while maintaining the same embedding capacity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:58:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f4a9e5dfebd499c80b6b139e81cfacc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1319-1578 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:58:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f4a9e5dfebd499c80b6b139e81cfacc2023-11-13T04:08:53ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences1319-15782023-10-01359101726An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invarianceXiaoyu Zhou0Wien Hong1Guangsong Yang2Tung-Shou Chen3Jeanne Chen4School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Informattion Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Corresponding authors.School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Informattion Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Informattion Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Corresponding authors.This paper introduces an advanced grayscale-invariant authentication method for color images. Prior work directly utilizes the most significant bits (MSBs) of the red and blue channels for authentication code generation and embeds these codes into the least significant bits (LSBs). Concurrently, the green channel is adjusted to sustain consistent grayscale values. However, this direct utilization of MSBs often leads to a decline in image quality and results in a significant number of unsolvable pixels. To address these challenges, we present a new approach specifically designed to combat the deterioration of image quality and the prevalence of unsolvable pixels. In our method, we propose the MSB alteration (MSBA) technique, which modifies the MSBs of the red and blue channels to generate authentication codes with minimal distortion. This technique effectively reduces image distortion and the number of unsolvable pixels. Furthermore, we introduce the pixel substitution strategy (PSS) and the constraint-reduced strategy (CRS) to enhance the embedding efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms prior work by converting more unsolvable pixels to solvable ones and achieving better detection results. Moreover, our method enhances image quality by approximately 1.5 dB, while maintaining the same embedding capacity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131915782300280XColor imageAuthenticationGrayscale invariance |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyu Zhou Wien Hong Guangsong Yang Tung-Shou Chen Jeanne Chen An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences Color image Authentication Grayscale invariance |
| title | An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance |
| title_full | An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance |
| title_fullStr | An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance |
| title_full_unstemmed | An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance |
| title_short | An unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance |
| title_sort | unsolvable pixel reduced authentication method for color images with grayscale invariance |
| topic | Color image Authentication Grayscale invariance |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S131915782300280X |
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