Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating
The quality of rice is decreased when contaminated with fungi. <i>Aspergillus</i> species are the most frequently found in rice. This research proposes using a dielectric heating method for fungal inactivation in rice grains by radio frequency (RF) energy. In order to understand the inte...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10478 |
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| author | Chalermkiat Sutacha Samran Santalunai Chanchai Thongsopa Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat Watsana Penkhrue |
| author_facet | Chalermkiat Sutacha Samran Santalunai Chanchai Thongsopa Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat Watsana Penkhrue |
| author_sort | Chalermkiat Sutacha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The quality of rice is decreased when contaminated with fungi. <i>Aspergillus</i> species are the most frequently found in rice. This research proposes using a dielectric heating method for fungal inactivation in rice grains by radio frequency (RF) energy. In order to understand the interaction between the fungi contaminating rice and electrical energy, dielectric properties comparison between <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. BP17 and rice powder were measured using an open-ended coaxial probe with a vector network analyzer (VNA) to develop dielectric heating equipment. The effect of RF energy on the dielectric heating system (9 kW, 40.68 MHz) is investigated based on different electric field intensities (150, 190, 225, 300, and 450 kV/m) with different temperatures (70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 °C). The growth of fungi contaminating rice was determined using a direct count method and reported as a percentage of inactivation. The result showed that the fungal inactivation of 100% was obtained at the electric field intensity value ≥ 225 kV/m at the lowest temperature of 90 °C. The combination of temperature and electric field intensity significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) increased the percentage of fungal inactivation in rice grains. The optimal conditions of dielectric heating are suitable for fungal inactivation in rice industries. These results indicate that the proposed dielectric heating system is useful for inactivation of <i>Aspergillus</i> species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:46:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-605bcec49115462e900580f8023b0b15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:46:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-605bcec49115462e900580f8023b0b152023-11-23T22:45:22ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-10-0112201047810.3390/app122010478Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric HeatingChalermkiat Sutacha0Samran Santalunai1Chanchai Thongsopa2Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat3Watsana Penkhrue4School of Electronic Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Electronic Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Electronic Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Electronic Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Preclinic Sciences, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandThe quality of rice is decreased when contaminated with fungi. <i>Aspergillus</i> species are the most frequently found in rice. This research proposes using a dielectric heating method for fungal inactivation in rice grains by radio frequency (RF) energy. In order to understand the interaction between the fungi contaminating rice and electrical energy, dielectric properties comparison between <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. BP17 and rice powder were measured using an open-ended coaxial probe with a vector network analyzer (VNA) to develop dielectric heating equipment. The effect of RF energy on the dielectric heating system (9 kW, 40.68 MHz) is investigated based on different electric field intensities (150, 190, 225, 300, and 450 kV/m) with different temperatures (70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 °C). The growth of fungi contaminating rice was determined using a direct count method and reported as a percentage of inactivation. The result showed that the fungal inactivation of 100% was obtained at the electric field intensity value ≥ 225 kV/m at the lowest temperature of 90 °C. The combination of temperature and electric field intensity significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) increased the percentage of fungal inactivation in rice grains. The optimal conditions of dielectric heating are suitable for fungal inactivation in rice industries. These results indicate that the proposed dielectric heating system is useful for inactivation of <i>Aspergillus</i> species.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10478dielectric heatingfungal inactivationelectric field intensityenergy consumption |
| spellingShingle | Chalermkiat Sutacha Samran Santalunai Chanchai Thongsopa Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat Watsana Penkhrue Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating Applied Sciences dielectric heating fungal inactivation electric field intensity energy consumption |
| title | Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating |
| title_full | Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating |
| title_fullStr | Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating |
| title_short | Inactivation of Contaminated Fungi in Rice Grains by Dielectric Heating |
| title_sort | inactivation of contaminated fungi in rice grains by dielectric heating |
| topic | dielectric heating fungal inactivation electric field intensity energy consumption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10478 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chalermkiatsutacha inactivationofcontaminatedfungiinricegrainsbydielectricheating AT samransantalunai inactivationofcontaminatedfungiinricegrainsbydielectricheating AT chanchaithongsopa inactivationofcontaminatedfungiinricegrainsbydielectricheating AT thanasetthosdeekoraphat inactivationofcontaminatedfungiinricegrainsbydielectricheating AT watsanapenkhrue inactivationofcontaminatedfungiinricegrainsbydielectricheating |