Torrefaction of almond shell as a renewable reinforcing agent for plastics: techno-economic analyses and comparison to bioethanol process

In 2016, the US state of California alone produced nearly 3.5 billion kilograms of almonds, accounting for approximately 84% of the world’s almond production. This generated about 2.58 million metric tons (MTs) of almond residues. Almond shells are currently either burned to generate power or dispos...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dupeng Liu, Nawa Raj Baral, Ling Liang, Corinne D Scown, Ning Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2023-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acb5c0