Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity
Hydraulic fracturing for oil-gas and geothermal reservoir stimulation is closely related to the propagation of Mode I crack. Nonlinear deformation due to rock heterogeneity occurs at such crack tips, which causes the fracture process zone (FPZ) to form before the crack propagates unsteadily. However...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8332 |
| _version_ | 1797465439204278272 |
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| author | Hongran Chen Jingrui Niu Mengyang Zhai |
| author_facet | Hongran Chen Jingrui Niu Mengyang Zhai |
| author_sort | Hongran Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydraulic fracturing for oil-gas and geothermal reservoir stimulation is closely related to the propagation of Mode I crack. Nonlinear deformation due to rock heterogeneity occurs at such crack tips, which causes the fracture process zone (FPZ) to form before the crack propagates unsteadily. However, the relationship between the FPZ characteristics and rock heterogeneity still remains elusive. We used three rock types common in reservoirs for experimental investigation, and each of them includes two subtypes with different heterogeneity due to grain size or microstructural characteristics. Drawing on the experiment results, we calculated the FPZ size (represented by the radius of an assumed circular FPZ) in each cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disk, and we reproduced the formation process of the FPZ in marble using the discrete element method. We showed that strong heterogeneity is favorable to large FPZ size, can enhance the ability of crack generation and make crack morphology complex. Coupling the Weibull distribution with fracture mechanics, the dependence of the FPZ size on heterogeneity degree can be theoretically explained, which suggests that the inherent heterogeneity of rocks sets the physical foundation for formation of FPZs. These findings can improve our recognition of propagation mechanisms of Mode I cracking and provide useful guidelines for evaluating reservoir fracability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:22:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60b01e2ed90f47538d8b80e3dc0ae2d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:22:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-60b01e2ed90f47538d8b80e3dc0ae2d62023-11-24T08:11:27ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-11-011522833210.3390/en15228332Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various HeterogeneityHongran Chen0Jingrui Niu1Mengyang Zhai2Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaChinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaHydraulic fracturing for oil-gas and geothermal reservoir stimulation is closely related to the propagation of Mode I crack. Nonlinear deformation due to rock heterogeneity occurs at such crack tips, which causes the fracture process zone (FPZ) to form before the crack propagates unsteadily. However, the relationship between the FPZ characteristics and rock heterogeneity still remains elusive. We used three rock types common in reservoirs for experimental investigation, and each of them includes two subtypes with different heterogeneity due to grain size or microstructural characteristics. Drawing on the experiment results, we calculated the FPZ size (represented by the radius of an assumed circular FPZ) in each cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disk, and we reproduced the formation process of the FPZ in marble using the discrete element method. We showed that strong heterogeneity is favorable to large FPZ size, can enhance the ability of crack generation and make crack morphology complex. Coupling the Weibull distribution with fracture mechanics, the dependence of the FPZ size on heterogeneity degree can be theoretically explained, which suggests that the inherent heterogeneity of rocks sets the physical foundation for formation of FPZs. These findings can improve our recognition of propagation mechanisms of Mode I cracking and provide useful guidelines for evaluating reservoir fracability.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8332Mode I crackfracture process zoneheterogeneitydiscrete element methodreservoir fracability |
| spellingShingle | Hongran Chen Jingrui Niu Mengyang Zhai Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity Energies Mode I crack fracture process zone heterogeneity discrete element method reservoir fracability |
| title | Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity |
| title_full | Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity |
| title_short | Characteristics of the Fracture Process Zone for Reservoir Rock with Various Heterogeneity |
| title_sort | characteristics of the fracture process zone for reservoir rock with various heterogeneity |
| topic | Mode I crack fracture process zone heterogeneity discrete element method reservoir fracability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8332 |
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