Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).
Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique to investigate comparative gene expression. In general, normalization of results using a highly stable housekeeping gene (HKG) as an internal control is recommended and necessary. However, there are several reports suggesting that regulati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4214676?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1830138950856998912 |
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| author | Thaís Barros Rodrigues Chitvan Khajuria Haichuan Wang Natalie Matz Danielle Cunha Cardoso Fernando Hercos Valicente Xuguo Zhou Blair Siegfried |
| author_facet | Thaís Barros Rodrigues Chitvan Khajuria Haichuan Wang Natalie Matz Danielle Cunha Cardoso Fernando Hercos Valicente Xuguo Zhou Blair Siegfried |
| author_sort | Thaís Barros Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique to investigate comparative gene expression. In general, normalization of results using a highly stable housekeeping gene (HKG) as an internal control is recommended and necessary. However, there are several reports suggesting that regulation of some HKGs is affected by different conditions. The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of corn in the United States and Europe. The expression profile of target genes related to insecticide exposure, resistance, and RNA interference has become an important experimental technique for study of western corn rootworms; however, lack of information on reliable HKGs under different conditions makes the interpretation of qRT-PCR results difficult. In this study, four distinct algorithms (Genorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and delta-CT) and five candidate HKGs to genes of reference (β-actin; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; β-tubulin; RPS9, ribosomal protein S9; EF1a, elongation factor-1α) were evaluated to determine the most reliable HKG under different experimental conditions including exposure to dsRNA and Bt toxins and among different tissues and developmental stages. Although all the HKGs tested exhibited relatively stable expression among the different treatments, some differences were noted. Among the five candidate reference genes evaluated, β-actin exhibited highly stable expression among different life stages. RPS9 exhibited the most similar pattern of expression among dsRNA treatments, and both experiments indicated that EF1a was the second most stable gene. EF1a was also the most stable for Bt exposure and among different tissues. These results will enable researchers to use more accurate and reliable normalization of qRT-PCR data in WCR experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:35:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-60ef11bf62ac4394bfe303da9d9fba36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:35:09Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-60ef11bf62ac4394bfe303da9d9fba362022-12-21T21:56:30ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01910e10982510.1371/journal.pone.0109825Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).Thaís Barros RodriguesChitvan KhajuriaHaichuan WangNatalie MatzDanielle Cunha CardosoFernando Hercos ValicenteXuguo ZhouBlair SiegfriedQuantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique to investigate comparative gene expression. In general, normalization of results using a highly stable housekeeping gene (HKG) as an internal control is recommended and necessary. However, there are several reports suggesting that regulation of some HKGs is affected by different conditions. The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of corn in the United States and Europe. The expression profile of target genes related to insecticide exposure, resistance, and RNA interference has become an important experimental technique for study of western corn rootworms; however, lack of information on reliable HKGs under different conditions makes the interpretation of qRT-PCR results difficult. In this study, four distinct algorithms (Genorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and delta-CT) and five candidate HKGs to genes of reference (β-actin; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; β-tubulin; RPS9, ribosomal protein S9; EF1a, elongation factor-1α) were evaluated to determine the most reliable HKG under different experimental conditions including exposure to dsRNA and Bt toxins and among different tissues and developmental stages. Although all the HKGs tested exhibited relatively stable expression among the different treatments, some differences were noted. Among the five candidate reference genes evaluated, β-actin exhibited highly stable expression among different life stages. RPS9 exhibited the most similar pattern of expression among dsRNA treatments, and both experiments indicated that EF1a was the second most stable gene. EF1a was also the most stable for Bt exposure and among different tissues. These results will enable researchers to use more accurate and reliable normalization of qRT-PCR data in WCR experiments.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4214676?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Thaís Barros Rodrigues Chitvan Khajuria Haichuan Wang Natalie Matz Danielle Cunha Cardoso Fernando Hercos Valicente Xuguo Zhou Blair Siegfried Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). PLoS ONE |
| title | Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). |
| title_full | Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). |
| title_fullStr | Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). |
| title_short | Validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). |
| title_sort | validation of reference housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4214676?pdf=render |
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