Effects of yearling, juvenile and adult survival on reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) demography

Background The trade in manta ray gill plates has considerably increased over the last two decades. The resulting increases in ray mortality, in addition to mortality caused by by-catch, has caused many ray populations to decrease in size. The aim of this study was to ascertain how yearling and juve...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Isabel M. Smallegange, Isabelle B.C. van der Ouderaa, Yara Tibiriçá
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2016-08-01
Series:PeerJ
Subjects:
Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/2370.pdf