Estimate the prevalence of daily caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder, caffeine withdrawal and perceived harm in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Abstract One of the informal diagnoses in DSM-5 is Caffeine Use Disorder (CUD). CUD and high levels of caffeine consumption could impact mental health conditions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CUD, caffeine consumption, caffeine-related harms, and related psychiatric symptoms in Ira...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-04-01
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Series: | Scientific Reports |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58496-8 |