Small molecule inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and current methodologies for their development: a review

Abstract Programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) based immunotherapy is a revolutionary cancer therapy with great clinical success. The majority of clinically used PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies but their applications are limited due to their poor oral bioavailabil...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chang Liu, Navindra P. Seeram, Hang Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-04-01
Series:Cancer Cell International
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01946-4