Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods
Since its discovery in 1989, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used tool for the in vitro downregulation of specific gene expression in molecular biological research. This basically involves a complementary RNA that binds a target sequence to affect its transcription or translation process...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Ráidu: | Micromachines |
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| Liŋkkat: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1321 |
| _version_ | 1827732387572744192 |
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| author | Marie Isenmann Martin James Stoddart Rainer Schmelzeisen Christian Gross Elena Della Bella René Marcel Rothweiler |
| author_facet | Marie Isenmann Martin James Stoddart Rainer Schmelzeisen Christian Gross Elena Della Bella René Marcel Rothweiler |
| author_sort | Marie Isenmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since its discovery in 1989, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used tool for the in vitro downregulation of specific gene expression in molecular biological research. This basically involves a complementary RNA that binds a target sequence to affect its transcription or translation process. Currently, various small RNAs, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), small hairpin RNA (shRNA), and PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA), are available for application on in vitro cell culture, to regulate the cells’ gene expression by mimicking the endogenous RNAi-machinery. In addition, several biochemical, physical, and viral methods have been established to deliver these RNAs into the cell or nucleus. Since each RNA and each delivery method entail different off-target effects, limitations, and compatibilities, it is crucial to understand their basic mode of action. This review is intended to provide an overview of different nucleic acids and delivery methods for planning, interpreting, and troubleshooting of RNAi experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-634b80658846424eb923d4004e6cb120 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-634b80658846424eb923d4004e6cb1202023-11-18T20:31:47ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-06-01147132110.3390/mi14071321Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery MethodsMarie Isenmann0Martin James Stoddart1Rainer Schmelzeisen2Christian Gross3Elena Della Bella4René Marcel Rothweiler5Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyAO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, SwitzerlandDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, GermanySince its discovery in 1989, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used tool for the in vitro downregulation of specific gene expression in molecular biological research. This basically involves a complementary RNA that binds a target sequence to affect its transcription or translation process. Currently, various small RNAs, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), small hairpin RNA (shRNA), and PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA), are available for application on in vitro cell culture, to regulate the cells’ gene expression by mimicking the endogenous RNAi-machinery. In addition, several biochemical, physical, and viral methods have been established to deliver these RNAs into the cell or nucleus. Since each RNA and each delivery method entail different off-target effects, limitations, and compatibilities, it is crucial to understand their basic mode of action. This review is intended to provide an overview of different nucleic acids and delivery methods for planning, interpreting, and troubleshooting of RNAi experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1321RNA interferencesiRNAmiRNAshRNApiRNAASO |
| spellingShingle | Marie Isenmann Martin James Stoddart Rainer Schmelzeisen Christian Gross Elena Della Bella René Marcel Rothweiler Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods Micromachines RNA interference siRNA miRNA shRNA piRNA ASO |
| title | Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods |
| title_full | Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods |
| title_fullStr | Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods |
| title_short | Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods |
| title_sort | basic principles of rna interference nucleic acid types and in vitro intracellular delivery methods |
| topic | RNA interference siRNA miRNA shRNA piRNA ASO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/7/1321 |
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