Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Small Extracellular Vesicles in Alleviating Arthritic Progression by Restoring Macrophage Balance

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, often associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 macrophages. Elevated levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages have been linked to a therapeutic response in RA. We have previously demonstrated tha...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bin Zhang, Ruenn Chai Lai, Wei Kian Sim, Sai Kiang Lim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-10-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/10/1501