Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo.
Several studies have indicated that inflammation during pregnancy increases the risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Morphological brain abnormalities combined with deviations in the inflammatory status of the brain can be observed in patients of both autism and s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00301/full |
| _version_ | 1811269994767450112 |
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| author | Silke eSmolders Silke eSmolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Nina eSwinnen Annette eGärtner Jean-Michel eRigo Pascal eLegendre Pascal eLegendre Pascal eLegendre Bert eBrône |
| author_facet | Silke eSmolders Silke eSmolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Nina eSwinnen Annette eGärtner Jean-Michel eRigo Pascal eLegendre Pascal eLegendre Pascal eLegendre Bert eBrône |
| author_sort | Silke eSmolders |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several studies have indicated that inflammation during pregnancy increases the risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Morphological brain abnormalities combined with deviations in the inflammatory status of the brain can be observed in patients of both autism and schizophrenia. It was shown that acute infection can induce changes in maternal cytokine levels which in turn are suggested to affect fetal brain development and increase the risk on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Animal models of maternal immune activation reproduce the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In this study the poly (I:C) model was used to mimic viral immune activation in pregnant mice in order to assess the activation status of fetal microglia in these developmental disorders. Because microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain they were expected to be activated due to the inflammatory stimulus.Microglial cell density and activation level in the fetal cortex and hippocampus were determined. Despite the presence of a systemic inflammation in the pregnant mice, there was no significant difference in fetal microglial cell density or immunohistochemically determined activation level between the control and inflammation group. These data indicate that activation of the fetal microglial cells is not likely to be responsible for the inflammation induced deficits in the offspring in this model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:51:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-642f886d5b50434391dbe0375d5c0866 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:51:56Z |
| publishDate | 2015-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-642f886d5b50434391dbe0375d5c08662022-12-22T03:15:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022015-08-01910.3389/fncel.2015.00301145147Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo.Silke eSmolders0Silke eSmolders1Sophie MT Smolders2Sophie MT Smolders3Sophie MT Smolders4Sophie MT Smolders5Nina eSwinnen6Annette eGärtner7Jean-Michel eRigo8Pascal eLegendre9Pascal eLegendre10Pascal eLegendre11Bert eBrône12Universiteit HasseltVIB KULeuvenUniversiteit HasseltUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUPMC Université Paris 06Universiteit HasseltVIB KULeuvenUniversiteit HasseltUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUPMC Université Paris 06Universiteit HasseltSeveral studies have indicated that inflammation during pregnancy increases the risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Morphological brain abnormalities combined with deviations in the inflammatory status of the brain can be observed in patients of both autism and schizophrenia. It was shown that acute infection can induce changes in maternal cytokine levels which in turn are suggested to affect fetal brain development and increase the risk on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Animal models of maternal immune activation reproduce the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In this study the poly (I:C) model was used to mimic viral immune activation in pregnant mice in order to assess the activation status of fetal microglia in these developmental disorders. Because microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain they were expected to be activated due to the inflammatory stimulus.Microglial cell density and activation level in the fetal cortex and hippocampus were determined. Despite the presence of a systemic inflammation in the pregnant mice, there was no significant difference in fetal microglial cell density or immunohistochemically determined activation level between the control and inflammation group. These data indicate that activation of the fetal microglial cells is not likely to be responsible for the inflammation induced deficits in the offspring in this model.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00301/fullMicrogliaCortexembryoneuropsychiatric disordersmaternal immune activation |
| spellingShingle | Silke eSmolders Silke eSmolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Sophie MT Smolders Nina eSwinnen Annette eGärtner Jean-Michel eRigo Pascal eLegendre Pascal eLegendre Pascal eLegendre Bert eBrône Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Microglia Cortex embryo neuropsychiatric disorders maternal immune activation |
| title | Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. |
| title_full | Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. |
| title_fullStr | Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. |
| title_short | Maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo. |
| title_sort | maternal immune activation evoked by polyinosinic polycytidylic acid does not evoke microglial cell activation in the embryo |
| topic | Microglia Cortex embryo neuropsychiatric disorders maternal immune activation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00301/full |
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