Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection

Abstract Large solar coronal mass ejections pose a threat in the near-Earth space. As a cause of extreme periods of space weather, they can damage satellite-based communications and create geomagnetically induced currents in power and energy grids. Further, the solar wind energetic particles can red...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Niilo Kalakoski, Pekka T. Verronen, Monika E. Szeląg, Charles H. Jackman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2023-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40129-1