Inhibitory Effects of Ketamine on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation

Microglia activated in response to brain injury release neurotoxic factors including nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Ketamine, an anesthetic induction agent, is generally reserved for use in patients with severe hyp...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yi Chang, Jie-Jen Lee, Cheng-Ying Hsieh, George Hsiao, Duen-Suey Chou, Joen-Rong Sheu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Limited 2009-01-01
Series:Mediators of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/705379