An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine
Mitragynine is one of the main psychoactive alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (kratom). It has opium-like effects by acting on μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the brain. The compound also interacts with other receptors, such as adrenergic and serotonergic receptors and neuronal Ca2+ channels...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224000155 |
| _version_ | 1797324336452861952 |
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| author | Nur Aisyah Khairul Annuar Ummi Kalthum Azlan Ahmed Mediani Xiaohui Tong Rongchun Han Ebtesam Al-Olayan Syarul Nataqain Baharum Hamidun Bunawan Murni Nazira Sarian Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah Ibrahim Jantan |
| author_facet | Nur Aisyah Khairul Annuar Ummi Kalthum Azlan Ahmed Mediani Xiaohui Tong Rongchun Han Ebtesam Al-Olayan Syarul Nataqain Baharum Hamidun Bunawan Murni Nazira Sarian Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah Ibrahim Jantan |
| author_sort | Nur Aisyah Khairul Annuar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitragynine is one of the main psychoactive alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (kratom). It has opium-like effects by acting on μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the brain. The compound also interacts with other receptors, such as adrenergic and serotonergic receptors and neuronal Ca2+ channels in the central nervous system to have its neuropharmacological effects. Mitragynine has the potential to treat diseases related to neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as its modulation on the opioid receptors has been reported extensively. This review aimed to provide an up-to-date and critical overview on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and safety of mitragynine as a prospective psychotropic agent. Its multiple neuropharmacological effects on the brain include antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, sedative, stimulant, cognitive, and anxiolytic activities. The potential of mitragynine to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms related to opioid dependence, its pharmacokinetics and toxic effects were also discussed. The interaction of mitragynine with various receptors in the brain produce diverse neuropharmacological effects, which have beneficial properties in neurological disorders. However, further studies need to be carried out on mitragynine to uncover its complex mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic profiles, addictive potential, and safe dosage to prevent harmful side effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:55:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65e54da3f36b4affb197ab5edeb11d9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0753-3322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T05:55:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-65e54da3f36b4affb197ab5edeb11d9b2024-02-05T04:31:13ZengElsevierBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy0753-33222024-02-01171116134An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynineNur Aisyah Khairul Annuar0Ummi Kalthum Azlan1Ahmed Mediani2Xiaohui Tong3Rongchun Han4Ebtesam Al-Olayan5Syarul Nataqain Baharum6Hamidun Bunawan7Murni Nazira Sarian8Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah9Ibrahim Jantan10Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaMitragynine is one of the main psychoactive alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (kratom). It has opium-like effects by acting on μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the brain. The compound also interacts with other receptors, such as adrenergic and serotonergic receptors and neuronal Ca2+ channels in the central nervous system to have its neuropharmacological effects. Mitragynine has the potential to treat diseases related to neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as its modulation on the opioid receptors has been reported extensively. This review aimed to provide an up-to-date and critical overview on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and safety of mitragynine as a prospective psychotropic agent. Its multiple neuropharmacological effects on the brain include antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, sedative, stimulant, cognitive, and anxiolytic activities. The potential of mitragynine to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms related to opioid dependence, its pharmacokinetics and toxic effects were also discussed. The interaction of mitragynine with various receptors in the brain produce diverse neuropharmacological effects, which have beneficial properties in neurological disorders. However, further studies need to be carried out on mitragynine to uncover its complex mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic profiles, addictive potential, and safe dosage to prevent harmful side effects.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224000155Mitragyna speciosaMitragyninePharmacological propertiesToxicityMolecular mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Nur Aisyah Khairul Annuar Ummi Kalthum Azlan Ahmed Mediani Xiaohui Tong Rongchun Han Ebtesam Al-Olayan Syarul Nataqain Baharum Hamidun Bunawan Murni Nazira Sarian Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah Ibrahim Jantan An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Mitragyna speciosa Mitragynine Pharmacological properties Toxicity Molecular mechanisms |
| title | An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine |
| title_full | An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine |
| title_fullStr | An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine |
| title_full_unstemmed | An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine |
| title_short | An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine |
| title_sort | insight review on the neuropharmacological effects mechanisms of action pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine |
| topic | Mitragyna speciosa Mitragynine Pharmacological properties Toxicity Molecular mechanisms |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224000155 |
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