Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways
Total lipids were extracted from sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>), and then they were separated into the following three lipid fractions: neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. In this study, we analyzed the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> eggs and we d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/9/480 |
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| author | Weerawan Rod-in Chaiwat Monmai Il-sik Shin SangGuan You Woo Jung Park |
| author_facet | Weerawan Rod-in Chaiwat Monmai Il-sik Shin SangGuan You Woo Jung Park |
| author_sort | Weerawan Rod-in |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Total lipids were extracted from sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>), and then they were separated into the following three lipid fractions: neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. In this study, we analyzed the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> eggs and we determined their anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In these three lipid-fractions, the main fatty acids were as follows: palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3). Among the lipid fractions, phospholipids showed the highest concentration of DHA and EPA (21.70 ± 1.92 and 18.96 ± 1.27, respectively). The three lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> significantly suppressed the production of NO in macrophages. Moreover, they also significantly inhibited the expression of <i>iNOS</i>, <i>COX-2</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i>, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, they attenuated the activation of MAPKs (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that all the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> exert anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Therefore, the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> might be potentially used as anti-inflammatory agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:10:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:10:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-66917a7a1a304a29a30ddb7e7a2388db2023-11-20T14:31:30ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-09-0118948010.3390/md18090480Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs PathwaysWeerawan Rod-in0Chaiwat Monmai1Il-sik Shin2SangGuan You3Woo Jung Park4Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, KoreaDepartment of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, KoreaDepartment of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, KoreaDepartment of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, KoreaDepartment of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, KoreaTotal lipids were extracted from sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>), and then they were separated into the following three lipid fractions: neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids. In this study, we analyzed the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> eggs and we determined their anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In these three lipid-fractions, the main fatty acids were as follows: palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3). Among the lipid fractions, phospholipids showed the highest concentration of DHA and EPA (21.70 ± 1.92 and 18.96 ± 1.27, respectively). The three lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> significantly suppressed the production of NO in macrophages. Moreover, they also significantly inhibited the expression of <i>iNOS</i>, <i>COX-2</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i>, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, they attenuated the activation of MAPKs (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that all the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> exert anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Therefore, the lipid fractions of <i>A. japonicus</i> might be potentially used as anti-inflammatory agents.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/9/480<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>lipidpolyunsaturated fatty acidsanti-inflammatoryNF-κB pathwayMAPK |
| spellingShingle | Weerawan Rod-in Chaiwat Monmai Il-sik Shin SangGuan You Woo Jung Park Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways Marine Drugs <i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i> lipid polyunsaturated fatty acids anti-inflammatory NF-κB pathway MAPK |
| title | Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways |
| title_full | Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways |
| title_short | Neutral Lipids, Glycolipids, and Phospholipids, Isolated from Sandfish (<i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i>) Eggs, Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways |
| title_sort | neutral lipids glycolipids and phospholipids isolated from sandfish i arctoscopus japonicus i eggs exhibit anti inflammatory activity in lps stimulated raw264 7 cells through nf κb and mapks pathways |
| topic | <i>Arctoscopus japonicus</i> lipid polyunsaturated fatty acids anti-inflammatory NF-κB pathway MAPK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/9/480 |
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