Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine
The rate of breast cancer is rapidly increasing and discovering medications with therapeutic effects play a significant role in women’s health. Drugs derived from marine sponges have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of malignant tumors, including metastatic breast cancer. Spirastrell...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.950880/full |
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| author | Shabna Roupal Morais Chitra K Srikanth Jeyabalan Ling Shing Wong Mahendran Sekar Kumarappan Chidambaram Siew Hua Gan M. Yasmin Begum Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani Vetriselvan Subramaniyan Shivkanya Fuloria Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Sher Zaman Safi Kathiresan V. Sathasivam Siddharthan Selvaraj Vipin Kumar Sharma |
| author_facet | Shabna Roupal Morais Chitra K Srikanth Jeyabalan Ling Shing Wong Mahendran Sekar Kumarappan Chidambaram Siew Hua Gan M. Yasmin Begum Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani Vetriselvan Subramaniyan Shivkanya Fuloria Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Sher Zaman Safi Kathiresan V. Sathasivam Siddharthan Selvaraj Vipin Kumar Sharma |
| author_sort | Shabna Roupal Morais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rate of breast cancer is rapidly increasing and discovering medications with therapeutic effects play a significant role in women’s health. Drugs derived from marine sponges have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of malignant tumors, including metastatic breast cancer. Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) is mainly obtained from the western coastal region of India, and its anticancer potential has not been explored. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira extracts and its bioactive molecule sphingosine. The extracts were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The cytotoxic potential of the extracts were determined by an in-vitro MTT assay using SK-BR-3 cancer cell line. Subsequently, acute toxicity investigation was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Then, the anticancer effects of the extract was investigated in a xenograft model of SK-BR-3 caused breast cancer. DAPI staining was used to assess the extract’s ability to induce apoptosis. In addition, in-silico study was conducted on sphingosine with extracellular site of HER2. The ethyl acetate extract of Spirastrella pachyspira (IC50: 0.04 µg/ml) showed comparable anticancer effects with standard doxorubicin (IC50: 0.054 µg/ml). The LD50 of the extracts in acute toxicity testing was fund to be 2000 mg/kg b.wt. The survival index of mice in ethanol extract was 83.33%, whereas that of standard doxirubicin was 100%, indicating that ethyl acetate extract Spirastrella pachyspira has good antiproliferative/cytotoxic properties. The results were well comparable with standard doxorubicin. Further, the docking studies of sphingosine against HER2 demonstrated that the bioactive molecule engage with the extracellular region of HER2 and block the protein as also shown by standard trastuzumab. The findings of this research suggest that Spirastrella pachyspira and sphingosine may be potential candidate for the treatments of breast cancer, particularly for HER2 positive cells. Overall, the present results demonstrate that sphingosine looks like a promising molecule for the development of new drugs for the treatment of cancer. However, in order to carefully define the sphingosine risk-benefit ratio, future research should focus on evaluating in-vivo and clinical anticancer studies. This will involve balancing both their broad-spectrum effectiveness and their toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:35:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-670ff945810f4122974214b45c5f0b14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:35:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-670ff945810f4122974214b45c5f0b142022-12-22T04:04:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-09-01910.3389/fmars.2022.950880950880Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosineShabna Roupal Morais0Chitra K1Srikanth Jeyabalan2Ling Shing Wong3Mahendran Sekar4Kumarappan Chidambaram5Siew Hua Gan6M. Yasmin Begum7Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani8Vetriselvan Subramaniyan9Shivkanya Fuloria10Neeraj Kumar Fuloria11Neeraj Kumar Fuloria12Sher Zaman Safi13Kathiresan V. Sathasivam14Siddharthan Selvaraj15Vipin Kumar Sharma16Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia0Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia0Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia1Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaFaculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia2Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia3Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, IndiaThe rate of breast cancer is rapidly increasing and discovering medications with therapeutic effects play a significant role in women’s health. Drugs derived from marine sponges have recently received FDA approval for the treatment of malignant tumors, including metastatic breast cancer. Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) is mainly obtained from the western coastal region of India, and its anticancer potential has not been explored. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira extracts and its bioactive molecule sphingosine. The extracts were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The cytotoxic potential of the extracts were determined by an in-vitro MTT assay using SK-BR-3 cancer cell line. Subsequently, acute toxicity investigation was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Then, the anticancer effects of the extract was investigated in a xenograft model of SK-BR-3 caused breast cancer. DAPI staining was used to assess the extract’s ability to induce apoptosis. In addition, in-silico study was conducted on sphingosine with extracellular site of HER2. The ethyl acetate extract of Spirastrella pachyspira (IC50: 0.04 µg/ml) showed comparable anticancer effects with standard doxorubicin (IC50: 0.054 µg/ml). The LD50 of the extracts in acute toxicity testing was fund to be 2000 mg/kg b.wt. The survival index of mice in ethanol extract was 83.33%, whereas that of standard doxirubicin was 100%, indicating that ethyl acetate extract Spirastrella pachyspira has good antiproliferative/cytotoxic properties. The results were well comparable with standard doxorubicin. Further, the docking studies of sphingosine against HER2 demonstrated that the bioactive molecule engage with the extracellular region of HER2 and block the protein as also shown by standard trastuzumab. The findings of this research suggest that Spirastrella pachyspira and sphingosine may be potential candidate for the treatments of breast cancer, particularly for HER2 positive cells. Overall, the present results demonstrate that sphingosine looks like a promising molecule for the development of new drugs for the treatment of cancer. However, in order to carefully define the sphingosine risk-benefit ratio, future research should focus on evaluating in-vivo and clinical anticancer studies. This will involve balancing both their broad-spectrum effectiveness and their toxicity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.950880/fullbreast cancerSpirastrella pachyspiraSK-BR-3 cell linesmolecular dockingHER2anticancer |
| spellingShingle | Shabna Roupal Morais Chitra K Srikanth Jeyabalan Ling Shing Wong Mahendran Sekar Kumarappan Chidambaram Siew Hua Gan M. Yasmin Begum Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani Vetriselvan Subramaniyan Shivkanya Fuloria Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Neeraj Kumar Fuloria Sher Zaman Safi Kathiresan V. Sathasivam Siddharthan Selvaraj Vipin Kumar Sharma Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine Frontiers in Marine Science breast cancer Spirastrella pachyspira SK-BR-3 cell lines molecular docking HER2 anticancer |
| title | Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine |
| title_full | Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine |
| title_fullStr | Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine |
| title_short | Anticancer potential of Spirastrella pachyspira (marine sponge) against SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine |
| title_sort | anticancer potential of spirastrella pachyspira marine sponge against sk br 3 human breast cancer cell line and in silico analysis of its bioactive molecule sphingosine |
| topic | breast cancer Spirastrella pachyspira SK-BR-3 cell lines molecular docking HER2 anticancer |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.950880/full |
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